#component:container width: 1100 height: auto minHeight: 100vh background: #eef2f7 padding: 28 gap: 16 align: top-left #component:reactive height: auto background: transparent padding: 0 accent: #4f46e5 state: year=2024 || yearMenuOpen=0 derive: title = "How Trump Won Pennsylvania in 2024" subtitle = "Harris generated enormous margins in Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and the inner suburbs. But Trump won Pennsylvania by improving across nearly the entire state, flipping four closely divided counties, and combining those gains with large Republican margins across the west, south-central region, and rural interior." winnerName = "TRUMP" winnerColor = "#dc2626" winnerVotes = "3,543,308" winnerPct = "50.37%" loserName = "HARRIS" loserColor = "#2563eb" loserVotes = "3,423,042" loserPct = "48.66%" stateMarginVotes = "120,266" stateMarginText = "Trump +1.71 points" electoralVotes = "19 electoral votes" group1 = "Democratic metropolitan engines" group2 = "Democratic suburban and regional support" group3 = "Competitive and realignment counties" group4 = "Large Republican counterweights" group5 = "Deep-red rural base" patternLabel = "Changed party from 2020" sourceText = "Pennsylvania Department of State, 2024 Official Election Returns." y2024Bg = "#172033" y2024Color = "#ffffff" y2020Bg = "transparent" y2020Color = "#667085" y2016Bg = "transparent" y2016Color = "#667085" if year == 2020 { title = "How Biden Won Pennsylvania in 2020" subtitle = "Biden rebuilt a narrow Democratic majority by expanding margins across the Philadelphia suburbs, strengthening metropolitan support around Pittsburgh, and reclaiming Erie and Northampton. Trump still dominated much of rural and western Pennsylvania, so the result depended on a limited set of populous counties producing just enough Democratic advantage." winnerName = "BIDEN" winnerColor = "#2563eb" winnerVotes = "3,458,229" winnerPct = "49.85%" loserName = "TRUMP" loserColor = "#dc2626" loserVotes = "3,377,674" loserPct = "48.69%" stateMarginVotes = "80,555" stateMarginText = "Biden +1.16 points" electoralVotes = "20 electoral votes" group1 = "Democratic metropolitan engines" group2 = "Suburban and regional Democratic gains" group3 = "Competitive and reclaimed industrial counties" group4 = "Large Republican counterweights" group5 = "Deep-red rural base" patternLabel = "Changed party from 2016" sourceText = "Pennsylvania certified statewide result; county figures from published county returns." y2024Bg = "transparent" y2024Color = "#667085" y2020Bg = "#172033" y2020Color = "#ffffff" } if year == 2016 { title = "How Trump Won Pennsylvania in 2016" subtitle = "Clinton retained enormous Democratic margins in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh and carried the major Philadelphia suburbs. But Trump broke through in Erie, Northampton, and especially Luzerne, then combined those flips with large Republican margins across western, south-central, coal-region, and rural Pennsylvania." winnerName = "TRUMP" winnerColor = "#dc2626" winnerVotes = "2,970,733" winnerPct = "48.58%" loserName = "CLINTON" loserColor = "#2563eb" loserVotes = "2,926,441" loserPct = "47.85%" stateMarginVotes = "44,292" stateMarginText = "Trump +0.72 points" electoralVotes = "20 electoral votes" group1 = "Democratic metropolitan engines" group2 = "Democratic suburban and regional holds" group3 = "Competitive and realigning counties" group4 = "Large Republican counterweights" group5 = "Deep-red rural base" patternLabel = "Changed party from 2012" sourceText = "Pennsylvania Department of State, 2016 certified presidential returns." y2024Bg = "transparent" y2024Color = "#667085" y2020Bg = "transparent" y2020Color = "#667085" y2016Bg = "#172033" y2016Color = "#ffffff" } if year == 2012 { title = "How Obama Won Pennsylvania in 2012" subtitle = "Obama carried only 13 of Pennsylvania's 67 counties, but they included the state's largest vote reservoirs: Philadelphia and Allegheny, the Philadelphia suburbs, Erie, and a still-Democratic northeast and Lehigh Valley. Romney won most of the map and flipped several historically Democratic counties, yet his rural, western, and south-central margins could not overcome Obama's metropolitan coalition." winnerName = "OBAMA" winnerColor = "#2563eb" winnerVotes = "2,990,274" winnerPct = "51.95%" loserName = "ROMNEY" loserColor = "#dc2626" loserVotes = "2,680,434" loserPct = "46.57%" stateMarginVotes = "309,840" stateMarginText = "Obama +5.38 points" electoralVotes = "20 electoral votes" group1 = "Democratic metropolitan engines" group2 = "Democratic suburban and regional coalition" group3 = "Competitive and early realignment counties" group4 = "Large Republican counterweights" group5 = "Deep-red rural base" patternLabel = "Changed party from 2008" sourceText = "Pennsylvania Department of State, 2012 certified presidential returns." y2024Bg = "transparent" y2024Color = "#667085" y2020Bg = "transparent" y2020Color = "#667085" y2016Bg = "transparent" y2016Color = "#667085" } if year == 2008 { title = "How Obama Won Pennsylvania in 2008" subtitle = "Obama built the broadest Democratic county coalition of this period, carrying 18 counties that included Philadelphia and Allegheny, all four major Philadelphia suburbs, Erie, the Lehigh Valley, the northeast, and several breakthrough counties in eastern and central Pennsylvania. McCain won most of the map and flipped Washington County, but his rural, western, and south-central margins could not approach Obama's advantages in the state's largest population centers." winnerName = "OBAMA" winnerColor = "#2563eb" winnerVotes = "3,276,363" winnerPct = "54.47%" loserName = "MCCAIN" loserColor = "#dc2626" loserVotes = "2,655,885" loserPct = "44.15%" stateMarginVotes = "620,478" stateMarginText = "Obama +10.32 points" electoralVotes = "21 electoral votes" group1 = "Democratic metropolitan engines" group2 = "Broad Democratic suburban and regional coalition" group3 = "Democratic breakthrough and pivot counties" group4 = "Large Republican counterweights" group5 = "Deep-red rural base" patternLabel = "Changed party from 2004" sourceText = "Pennsylvania Department of State, 2008 General Election Official Returns." y2024Bg = "transparent" y2024Color = "#667085" y2020Bg = "transparent" y2020Color = "#667085" y2016Bg = "transparent" y2016Color = "#667085" } if year == 2004 { title = "How Kerry Won Pennsylvania in 2004" subtitle = "Kerry carried only 13 counties, but they included Pennsylvania's largest Democratic vote reservoirs: Philadelphia and Allegheny, the major southeastern suburbs, Erie, and a still-Democratic northeast and Lehigh Valley. Bush won most of the map, improved sharply across rural and south-central Pennsylvania, and flipped Cambria, but those gains were not large enough to overcome the margins produced by a small number of populous Democratic counties." winnerName = "KERRY" winnerColor = "#2563eb" winnerVotes = "2,938,095" winnerPct = "50.92%" loserName = "BUSH" loserColor = "#dc2626" loserVotes = "2,793,847" loserPct = "48.42%" stateMarginVotes = "144,248" stateMarginText = "Kerry +2.50 points" electoralVotes = "21 electoral votes" group1 = "Democratic metropolitan engines" group2 = "Democratic suburban and regional support" group3 = "Competitive and transitional counties" group4 = "Large Republican counterweights" group5 = "Deep-red rural base" patternLabel = "Changed party from 2000" sourceText = "Pennsylvania Department of State, 2004 General Election certified returns." y2024Bg = "transparent" y2024Color = "#667085" y2020Bg = "transparent" y2020Color = "#667085" y2016Bg = "transparent" y2016Color = "#667085" } if year == 2000 { title = "How Gore Won Pennsylvania in 2000" subtitle = "Gore won Pennsylvania by combining an overwhelming Philadelphia margin with Democratic strength in Pittsburgh, Scranton, Erie, the Lehigh Valley, and a newly Democratic suburban ring around Philadelphia. Bush dominated rural, central, and south-central Pennsylvania and carried Chester County, but his broad geographic coalition could not overcome Gore's advantages in the state's largest population centers." winnerName = "GORE" winnerColor = "#2563eb" winnerVotes = "2,485,967" winnerPct = "50.60%" loserName = "BUSH" loserColor = "#dc2626" loserVotes = "2,281,127" loserPct = "46.43%" stateMarginVotes = "204,840" stateMarginText = "Gore +4.17 points" electoralVotes = "23 electoral votes" group1 = "Democratic metropolitan engines" group2 = "Democratic suburban and industrial support" group3 = "Competitive and transitional counties" group4 = "Large Republican counterweights" group5 = "Deep-red rural base" patternLabel = "Changed party from 1996" sourceText = "Pennsylvania Department of State, 2000 General Election official returns." y2024Bg = "transparent" y2024Color = "#667085" y2020Bg = "transparent" y2020Color = "#667085" y2016Bg = "transparent" y2016Color = "#667085" } emit: election.year = year emitas: pennsylvania-year template:

ELECTION GEOGRAPHY

✓WINNER · {{ winnerName }}

STATE MARGIN

MAP LEGEND

County role

Map markers

{{ patternLabel }}Major metropolitan anchor1Numbered local storyElectoral pivot or realignment

Source: {{ sourceText }}

#end #component:reactive height: 0 background: transparent padding: 0 consumes: election.year as activeYear consumefrom: pennsylvania-year derive: yearValue = 2024 styleCommand = {type:"highlights",primary:["42101","42003"],secondary:["42091","42045","42029","42077","42043","42027"],tertiary:["42017","42049","42089","42095","42079","42069","42011"],quaternary:["42133","42071","42129","42019","42125","42041"],quinary:["42009","42057","42111","42065","42005","42021","42107"],pattern:["42017","42049","42089","42095"]} if inbound.activeYear { yearValue = inbound.activeYear } if yearValue == 2020 { styleCommand = {type:"highlights",primary:["42101","42003"],secondary:["42091","42045","42029","42017","42077","42043","42027","42089","42069"],tertiary:["42049","42095","42079","42011"],quaternary:["42133","42071","42129","42019","42125","42041"],quinary:["42009","42057","42111","42065","42005","42021","42107"],pattern:["42049","42095"]} } if yearValue == 2016 { styleCommand = {type:"highlights",primary:["42101","42003"],secondary:["42091","42045","42029","42017","42077","42043","42027","42089","42069"],tertiary:["42049","42095","42079","42011"],quaternary:["42133","42071","42129","42019","42125","42041"],quinary:["42009","42057","42111","42065","42005","42021","42107"],pattern:["42049","42079","42095"]} } if yearValue == 2012 { styleCommand = {type:"highlights",primary:["42101","42003"],secondary:["42091","42045","42017","42077","42043","42049","42089","42095","42079","42069"],tertiary:["42029","42027","42011","42021"],quaternary:["42133","42071","42129","42019","42125","42041"],quinary:["42009","42057","42111","42065","42005","42107"],pattern:["42011","42021","42029"]} } if yearValue == 2008 { styleCommand = {type:"highlights",primary:["42101","42003"],secondary:["42091","42045","42017","42077","42043","42049","42089","42095","42079","42069"],tertiary:["42029","42027","42011","42021"],quaternary:["42133","42071","42129","42019","42125","42041"],quinary:["42009","42057","42111","42065","42005","42107"],pattern:["42011","42021","42027","42029","42043","42089","42125"]} } if yearValue == 2004 { styleCommand = {type:"highlights",primary:["42101","42003"],secondary:["42091","42045","42017","42077","42049","42095","42079","42069","42125"],tertiary:["42029","42027","42011","42021","42089","42043"],quaternary:["42133","42071","42129","42019","42041"],quinary:["42009","42057","42111","42065","42005","42107"],pattern:["42021"]} } if yearValue == 2000 { styleCommand = {type:"highlights",primary:["42101","42003"],secondary:["42091","42045","42017","42069","42077","42095","42049","42079","42125","42021"],tertiary:["42029","42027","42089","42011","42043","42129","42107"],quaternary:["42133","42071","42019","42041"],quinary:["42009","42057","42111","42065","42005"],pattern:["42005","42027","42107","42129"]} } emit: map.command = styleCommand emitas: pennsylvania-story template: #end #component:reactive height: auto background: transparent padding: 0 accent: #4f46e5 state: view=statewide consumes: election.year as selectedYear, county.focusMarker as focusedMarker consumefrom: * derive: activeYear = 2024 if inbound.selectedYear { activeYear = inbound.selectedYear } historyMarker = "" if inbound.focusedMarker { historyMarker = inbound.focusedMarker } statewideMarkerIds = [] if historyMarker { statewideMarkerIds = [historyMarker] } command = {type:"regionView",lat:40.9,lng:-77.8,zoom:7,regionCodes:[],markerIds:statewideMarkerIds,regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} statewideBg = "#172033" statewideColor = "#ffffff" phillyBg = "#ffffff" phillyColor = "#505a70" northeastBg = "#ffffff" northeastColor = "#505a70" pittsburghBg = "#ffffff" pittsburghColor = "#505a70" viewName = "Statewide" viewNote = "The full 2024 coalition: metropolitan Democratic margins against Republican strength across the rest of the state." regionCounties = "All featured counties across Pennsylvania" if view == "philly" { command = {type:"regionView",lat:40.08,lng:-75.25,zoom:9,regionCodes:["42101","42017","42091","42045","42029"],markerIds:["city-philadelphia-2024","pivot-doylestown-2024","story-west-chester-2024"],regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} statewideBg = "#ffffff" statewideColor = "#505a70" phillyBg = "#172033" phillyColor = "#ffffff" viewName = "Philadelphia and suburbs" viewNote = "Philadelphia remained overwhelmingly Democratic, but the surrounding suburban margins—especially the Bucks County tie—were not large enough for Harris." regionCounties = "Philadelphia, Bucks, Montgomery, Delaware, and Chester" } if view == "northeast" { command = {type:"regionView",lat:41.05,lng:-75.65,zoom:8,regionCodes:["42069","42079","42089","42095","42077","42011"],markerIds:["city-scranton-2024","city-allentown-2024","pivot-wilkes-barre-2024"],regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} statewideBg = "#ffffff" statewideColor = "#505a70" northeastBg = "#172033" northeastColor = "#ffffff" viewName = "Northeast and Lehigh Valley" viewNote = "This region shows the realignment most clearly: Trump flipped Northampton and Monroe while holding a large advantage in Luzerne and reducing the Democratic margin in Lackawanna." regionCounties = "Lackawanna, Luzerne, Monroe, Northampton, Lehigh, and Berks" } if view == "pittsburgh" { command = {type:"regionView",lat:40.48,lng:-79.75,zoom:8,regionCodes:["42003","42129","42019","42125","42005"],markerIds:["city-pittsburgh-2024","story-greensburg-2024","story-butler-2024","story-washington-2024"],regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} statewideBg = "#ffffff" statewideColor = "#505a70" pittsburghBg = "#172033" pittsburghColor = "#ffffff" viewName = "Pittsburgh and western ring" viewNote = "Allegheny produced a major Harris margin, but Westmoreland, Butler, Washington, and the wider western counties surrounded it with larger combined Republican advantages." regionCounties = "Allegheny, Westmoreland, Butler, Washington, and Armstrong" } if activeYear == 2020 { command = {type:"regionView",lat:40.9,lng:-77.8,zoom:7,regionCodes:[],markerIds:statewideMarkerIds,regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Statewide" viewNote = "The full 2020 coalition: enormous metropolitan and suburban Democratic margins against a broad Republican rural and western map." regionCounties = "All featured counties across Pennsylvania" if view == "philly" { command = {type:"regionView",lat:40.08,lng:-75.25,zoom:9,regionCodes:["42101","42017","42091","42045","42029"],markerIds:["city-philadelphia-2020","story-doylestown-2020","story-west-chester-2020"],regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Philadelphia and suburbs" viewNote = "Biden's suburban expansion was the central difference from 2016: Montgomery, Delaware, Chester, and Bucks produced a combined margin large enough to transform the statewide result." regionCounties = "Philadelphia, Bucks, Montgomery, Delaware, and Chester" } if view == "northeast" { command = {type:"regionView",lat:41.02,lng:-75.63,zoom:8,regionCodes:["42069","42079","42089","42095","42077","42011"],markerIds:["city-scranton-2020","city-allentown-2020","pivot-bethlehem-2020","story-wilkes-barre-2020"],regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Northeast and Lehigh Valley" viewNote = "Biden strengthened Lackawanna, held Monroe and Lehigh, reclaimed Northampton, and reduced Trump's advantage in Luzerne—small changes that mattered greatly in a narrow statewide victory." regionCounties = "Lackawanna, Luzerne, Monroe, Northampton, Lehigh, and Berks" } if view == "pittsburgh" { command = {type:"regionView",lat:40.48,lng:-79.75,zoom:8,regionCodes:["42003","42129","42019","42125","42005"],markerIds:["city-pittsburgh-2020","story-greensburg-2020","story-butler-2020","story-washington-2020"],regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Pittsburgh and western ring" viewNote = "Biden expanded the Democratic margin in Allegheny while Trump continued to dominate the surrounding counties. The western balance improved just enough for Democrats without fundamentally changing the regional map." regionCounties = "Allegheny, Westmoreland, Butler, Washington, and Armstrong" } } if activeYear == 2016 { command = {type:"regionView",lat:40.9,lng:-77.8,zoom:7,regionCodes:[],markerIds:statewideMarkerIds,regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Statewide" viewNote = "Trump's narrow 2016 victory joined three industrial-county flips—Erie, Luzerne, and Northampton—to large Republican margins across western, south-central, coal-region, and rural Pennsylvania." regionCounties = "All featured counties across Pennsylvania" if view == "philly" { command = {type:"regionView",lat:40.08,lng:-75.25,zoom:9,regionCodes:["42101","42017","42091","42045","42029"],markerIds:["city-philadelphia-2016","story-doylestown-2016","story-west-chester-2016"],regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Philadelphia and suburbs" viewNote = "Clinton dominated Philadelphia and carried all four major suburban counties. But Bucks was nearly tied, and the combined suburban margins were not large enough to offset Trump's gains across the rest of Pennsylvania." regionCounties = "Philadelphia, Bucks, Montgomery, Delaware, and Chester" } if view == "northeast" { command = {type:"regionView",lat:41.02,lng:-75.63,zoom:8,regionCodes:["42069","42079","42089","42095","42077","42011"],markerIds:["city-scranton-2016","city-allentown-2016","pivot-bethlehem-2016","story-wilkes-barre-2016"],regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Northeast and Lehigh Valley" viewNote = "This was the center of the 2016 realignment: Trump won Luzerne by more than 26,000 votes and flipped Northampton, while Clinton held Lackawanna, Lehigh, and Monroe only narrowly." regionCounties = "Lackawanna, Luzerne, Monroe, Northampton, Lehigh, and Berks" } if view == "pittsburgh" { command = {type:"regionView",lat:40.48,lng:-79.75,zoom:8,regionCodes:["42003","42129","42019","42125","42005"],markerIds:["city-pittsburgh-2016","story-greensburg-2016","story-butler-2016","story-washington-2016"],regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Pittsburgh and western ring" viewNote = "Clinton carried Allegheny decisively, but Westmoreland, Butler, Washington, Armstrong, and the wider west surrounded Pittsburgh with margins large enough to erase its Democratic advantage." regionCounties = "Allegheny, Westmoreland, Butler, Washington, and Armstrong" } } if activeYear == 2012 { command = {type:"regionView",lat:40.9,lng:-77.8,zoom:7,regionCodes:[],markerIds:statewideMarkerIds,regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Statewide" viewNote = "Obama carried only 13 counties, but those counties contained the state's largest Democratic vote reservoirs and enough populous regional centers to overcome Romney's much broader geographic map." regionCounties = "All featured counties across Pennsylvania" if view == "philly" { command = {type:"regionView",lat:40.08,lng:-75.25,zoom:9,regionCodes:["42101","42017","42091","42045","42029"],markerIds:["city-philadelphia-2012","story-doylestown-2012","pivot-west-chester-2012"],regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Philadelphia and suburbs" viewNote = "Philadelphia, Montgomery, and Delaware generated enormous Democratic margins, and Obama narrowly held Bucks. Chester flipped to Romney by only 529 votes, showing that the later suburban Democratic transformation was not yet complete." regionCounties = "Philadelphia, Bucks, Montgomery, Delaware, and Chester" } if view == "northeast" { command = {type:"regionView",lat:41.02,lng:-75.63,zoom:8,regionCodes:["42069","42079","42089","42095","42077","42011"],markerIds:["city-scranton-2012","city-allentown-2012","story-wilkes-barre-2012"],regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Northeast and Lehigh Valley" viewNote = "The pre-2016 Democratic coalition was still intact here: Obama carried Lackawanna, Luzerne, Monroe, Northampton, and Lehigh, while Berks narrowly flipped to Romney." regionCounties = "Lackawanna, Luzerne, Monroe, Northampton, Lehigh, and Berks" } if view == "pittsburgh" { command = {type:"regionView",lat:40.48,lng:-79.75,zoom:8,regionCodes:["42003","42129","42019","42125","42005"],markerIds:["city-pittsburgh-2012","story-greensburg-2012","story-butler-2012","story-washington-2012"],regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Pittsburgh and western ring" viewNote = "Obama's 90,648-vote Allegheny margin remained the western Democratic anchor. Westmoreland, Butler, Washington, Armstrong, and the wider region countered it, but not enough to overcome the coalition's advantages in the east." regionCounties = "Allegheny, Westmoreland, Butler, Washington, and Armstrong" } } if activeYear == 2008 { command = {type:"regionView",lat:40.9,lng:-77.8,zoom:7,regionCodes:[],markerIds:statewideMarkerIds,regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Statewide" viewNote = "Obama carried 18 counties, including nearly every major population center and a set of Republican-to-Democratic flips in the east and center. That concentrated population advantage produced a double-digit statewide victory despite McCain winning most counties." regionCounties = "All featured counties across Pennsylvania" if view == "philly" { command = {type:"regionView",lat:40.08,lng:-75.25,zoom:9,regionCodes:["42101","42017","42091","42045","42029"],markerIds:["city-philadelphia-2008","story-doylestown-2008","pivot-west-chester-2008"],regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Philadelphia and suburbs" viewNote = "Obama won Philadelphia by nearly 479,000 votes and carried all four major suburban counties. Montgomery and Delaware supplied enormous margins, while Bucks remained clearly Democratic and Chester flipped from Bush to Obama." regionCounties = "Philadelphia, Bucks, Montgomery, Delaware, and Chester" } if view == "northeast" { command = {type:"regionView",lat:41.02,lng:-75.63,zoom:8,regionCodes:["42069","42079","42089","42095","42077","42011"],markerIds:["city-scranton-2008","city-allentown-2008","pivot-stroudsburg-2008","story-wilkes-barre-2008"],regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Northeast and Lehigh Valley" viewNote = "Obama swept every featured county in the region. Lackawanna and Lehigh supplied large regional margins, Luzerne and Northampton added clear Democratic wins, and Monroe and Berks flipped into the Democratic column." regionCounties = "Lackawanna, Luzerne, Monroe, Northampton, Lehigh, and Berks" } if view == "pittsburgh" { command = {type:"regionView",lat:40.48,lng:-79.75,zoom:8,regionCodes:["42003","42129","42019","42125","42005"],markerIds:["city-pittsburgh-2008","story-greensburg-2008","story-butler-2008","pivot-washington-2008"],regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Pittsburgh and western ring" viewNote = "Allegheny gave Obama a 100,806-vote margin, but the surrounding region was already moving away from older Democratic loyalties. Westmoreland and Butler remained large Republican counterweights, and Washington flipped from Kerry to McCain." regionCounties = "Allegheny, Westmoreland, Butler, Washington, and Armstrong" } } if activeYear == 2004 { command = {type:"regionView",lat:40.9,lng:-77.8,zoom:7,regionCodes:[],markerIds:statewideMarkerIds,regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Statewide" viewNote = "Kerry carried only 13 counties, but they contained the state's largest Democratic vote reservoirs. Bush won a much broader geographic map, yet the margins in Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, the southeast, and the northeast were enough to hold Pennsylvania." regionCounties = "All featured counties across Pennsylvania" if view == "philly" { command = {type:"regionView",lat:40.08,lng:-75.25,zoom:9,regionCodes:["42101","42017","42091","42045","42029"],markerIds:["city-philadelphia-2004","story-doylestown-2004","pivot-west-chester-2004"],regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Philadelphia and suburbs" viewNote = "Philadelphia supplied a 412,106-vote Kerry margin, while Montgomery and Delaware added nearly 89,000 more. Kerry narrowly held Bucks, but Chester was still Republican—years before the modern suburban alignment fully emerged." regionCounties = "Philadelphia, Bucks, Montgomery, Delaware, and Chester" } if view == "northeast" { command = {type:"regionView",lat:41.02,lng:-75.63,zoom:8,regionCodes:["42069","42079","42089","42095","42077","42011"],markerIds:["city-scranton-2004","city-allentown-2004","pivot-stroudsburg-2004","story-wilkes-barre-2004"],regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Northeast and Lehigh Valley" viewNote = "Kerry carried Lackawanna, Luzerne, Lehigh, and Northampton, while Bush won Berks and took Monroe by only four votes. The region was still broadly Democratic but already highly competitive outside Scranton." regionCounties = "Lackawanna, Luzerne, Monroe, Northampton, Lehigh, and Berks" } if view == "pittsburgh" { command = {type:"regionView",lat:40.48,lng:-79.75,zoom:8,regionCodes:["42003","42129","42019","42125","42005"],markerIds:["city-pittsburgh-2004","story-greensburg-2004","story-butler-2004","pivot-washington-2004"],regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Pittsburgh and western ring" viewNote = "Allegheny gave Kerry a 96,987-vote margin, and Washington remained Democratic by just 552 votes. Westmoreland, Butler, Armstrong, and the wider west were already strong Republican counterweights." regionCounties = "Allegheny, Westmoreland, Butler, Washington, and Armstrong" } } if activeYear == 2000 { command = {type:"regionView",lat:40.9,lng:-77.8,zoom:7,regionCodes:[],markerIds:statewideMarkerIds,regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Statewide" viewNote = "Gore carried a compact but populous coalition: the two major metropolitan counties, the Philadelphia suburban ring, Erie, and much of the northeast and industrial west. Bush won most counties, but the geography of population outweighed the geography of land." regionCounties = "All featured counties across Pennsylvania" if view == "philly" { command = {type:"regionView",lat:40.08,lng:-75.25,zoom:9,regionCodes:["42101","42017","42091","42045","42029"],markerIds:["city-philadelphia-2000","story-doylestown-2000","pivot-west-chester-2000"],regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Philadelphia and suburbs" viewNote = "Philadelphia gave Gore a 348,223-vote margin, while Montgomery, Delaware, and Bucks added more than 72,000. Chester remained Republican, showing that the modern all-blue suburban ring had not yet fully formed." regionCounties = "Philadelphia, Bucks, Montgomery, Delaware, and Chester" } if view == "northeast" { command = {type:"regionView",lat:41.02,lng:-75.63,zoom:8,regionCodes:["42069","42079","42089","42095","42077","42011"],markerIds:["city-scranton-2000","city-allentown-2000","pivot-stroudsburg-2000","story-wilkes-barre-2000"],regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Northeast and Lehigh Valley" viewNote = "Gore carried Lackawanna, Luzerne, Lehigh, and Northampton. Bush held Berks and narrowly won Monroe, but the region as a whole still supplied a meaningful Democratic advantage." regionCounties = "Lackawanna, Luzerne, Monroe, Northampton, Lehigh, and Berks" } if view == "pittsburgh" { command = {type:"regionView",lat:40.48,lng:-79.75,zoom:8,regionCodes:["42003","42129","42019","42125","42005"],markerIds:["city-pittsburgh-2000","pivot-greensburg-2000","story-butler-2000","story-washington-2000"],regionColor:"#4f46e5",regionFillOpacity:0.07,regionWeight:2.5,regionDash:"6 4"} viewName = "Pittsburgh and western ring" viewNote = "Allegheny gave Gore a 94,602-vote margin and Washington remained Democratic, but Westmoreland and Armstrong flipped Republican while Butler was already deeply red—an early view of the western realignment to come." regionCounties = "Allegheny, Westmoreland, Butler, Washington, and Armstrong" } } emit: map.command = command || election.view = view emitas: pennsylvania-story template:

MAP VIEW · {{ activeYear }}

COUNTIES IN VIEW{{ regionCounties }}

#end #component:map height: 600px counties: true country: 42 center: 40.9 -77.3 zoom: 7 interactive: true onHover: none selectable: highlighted panelWidth: 280px background: #eef2f7 baseColor: #dfe5ed borderColor: #ffffff borderWidth: 0.8 highlight: 42101 42003 highlightColor: #2563eb secondaryHighlight: 42091 42045 42029 42077 42043 42027 secondaryColor: #60a5fa tertiaryHighlight: 42017 42049 42089 42095 42079 42069 42011 tertiaryColor: #c4b5fd quaternaryHighlight: 42133 42071 42129 42019 42125 42041 quaternaryColor: #fbbf24 quinaryHighlight: 42009 42057 42111 42065 42005 42021 42107 quinaryColor: #dc2626 patternOverlay: 42017 42049 42089 42095 patternType: hatch patternColor: #172033 patternOpacity: 0.38 patternSize: 7 visibleMarkers: none markers: city-philadelphia-2024,39.9526,-75.1652,city,Philadelphia || pivot-doylestown-2024,40.3101,-75.1299,pivot,Doylestown || story-west-chester-2024,39.9607,-75.6055,story,West Chester || city-scranton-2024,41.4090,-75.6624,city,Scranton || city-allentown-2024,40.6023,-75.4714,city,Allentown || pivot-wilkes-barre-2024,41.2459,-75.8813,pivot,Wilkes-Barre || city-pittsburgh-2024,40.4406,-79.9959,city,Pittsburgh || story-greensburg-2024,40.3015,-79.5389,story,Greensburg || story-butler-2024,40.8612,-79.8953,story,Butler || story-washington-2024,40.1740,-80.2462,story,Washington || city-philadelphia-2020,39.9526,-75.1652,city,Philadelphia || story-doylestown-2020,40.3101,-75.1299,story,Doylestown || story-west-chester-2020,39.9607,-75.6055,story,West Chester || city-scranton-2020,41.4090,-75.6624,city,Scranton || city-allentown-2020,40.6023,-75.4714,city,Allentown || pivot-bethlehem-2020,40.6259,-75.3705,pivot,Bethlehem || story-wilkes-barre-2020,41.2459,-75.8813,story,Wilkes-Barre || city-pittsburgh-2020,40.4406,-79.9959,city,Pittsburgh || story-greensburg-2020,40.3015,-79.5389,story,Greensburg || story-butler-2020,40.8612,-79.8953,story,Butler || story-washington-2020,40.1740,-80.2462,story,Washington || city-philadelphia-2016,39.9526,-75.1652,city,Philadelphia || story-doylestown-2016,40.3101,-75.1299,story,Doylestown || story-west-chester-2016,39.9607,-75.6055,story,West Chester || city-scranton-2016,41.4090,-75.6624,city,Scranton || city-allentown-2016,40.6023,-75.4714,city,Allentown || pivot-bethlehem-2016,40.6259,-75.3705,pivot,Bethlehem || story-wilkes-barre-2016,41.2459,-75.8813,story,Wilkes-Barre || city-pittsburgh-2016,40.4406,-79.9959,city,Pittsburgh || story-greensburg-2016,40.3015,-79.5389,story,Greensburg || story-butler-2016,40.8612,-79.8953,story,Butler || story-washington-2016,40.1740,-80.2462,story,Washington || city-philadelphia-2012,39.9526,-75.1652,city,Philadelphia || story-doylestown-2012,40.3101,-75.1299,story,Doylestown || pivot-west-chester-2012,39.9607,-75.6055,pivot,West Chester || city-scranton-2012,41.4090,-75.6624,city,Scranton || city-allentown-2012,40.6023,-75.4714,city,Allentown || story-wilkes-barre-2012,41.2459,-75.8813,story,Wilkes-Barre || city-pittsburgh-2012,40.4406,-79.9959,city,Pittsburgh || story-greensburg-2012,40.3015,-79.5389,story,Greensburg || story-butler-2012,40.8612,-79.8953,story,Butler || story-washington-2012,40.1740,-80.2462,story,Washington || city-philadelphia-2008,39.9526,-75.1652,city,Philadelphia || story-doylestown-2008,40.3101,-75.1299,story,Doylestown || pivot-west-chester-2008,39.9607,-75.6055,pivot,West Chester || city-scranton-2008,41.4090,-75.6624,city,Scranton || city-allentown-2008,40.6023,-75.4714,city,Allentown || pivot-stroudsburg-2008,40.9868,-75.1946,pivot,Stroudsburg || story-wilkes-barre-2008,41.2459,-75.8813,story,Wilkes-Barre || city-pittsburgh-2008,40.4406,-79.9959,city,Pittsburgh || story-greensburg-2008,40.3015,-79.5389,story,Greensburg || story-butler-2008,40.8612,-79.8953,story,Butler || pivot-washington-2008,40.1740,-80.2462,pivot,Washington || city-philadelphia-2004,39.9526,-75.1652,city,Philadelphia || story-doylestown-2004,40.3101,-75.1299,story,Doylestown || pivot-west-chester-2004,39.9607,-75.6055,pivot,West Chester || city-scranton-2004,41.4090,-75.6624,city,Scranton || city-allentown-2004,40.6023,-75.4714,city,Allentown || pivot-stroudsburg-2004,40.9868,-75.1946,pivot,Stroudsburg || story-wilkes-barre-2004,41.2459,-75.8813,story,Wilkes-Barre || city-pittsburgh-2004,40.4406,-79.9959,city,Pittsburgh || story-greensburg-2004,40.3015,-79.5389,story,Greensburg || story-butler-2004,40.8612,-79.8953,story,Butler || pivot-washington-2004,40.1740,-80.2462,pivot,Washington || city-philadelphia-2000,39.9526,-75.1652,city,Philadelphia || story-doylestown-2000,40.3101,-75.1299,story,Doylestown || pivot-west-chester-2000,39.9607,-75.6055,pivot,West Chester || city-scranton-2000,41.4090,-75.6624,city,Scranton || city-allentown-2000,40.6023,-75.4714,city,Allentown || pivot-stroudsburg-2000,40.9868,-75.1946,pivot,Stroudsburg || story-wilkes-barre-2000,41.2459,-75.8813,story,Wilkes-Barre || city-pittsburgh-2000,40.4406,-79.9959,city,Pittsburgh || pivot-greensburg-2000,40.3015,-79.5389,pivot,Greensburg || story-butler-2000,40.8612,-79.8953,story,Butler || story-washington-2000,40.1740,-80.2462,story,Washington || history-42101,40.0093755,-75.1333459,history,Philadelphia County history || history-42003,40.4697574,-79.9804515,history,Allegheny County history || history-42091,40.2099992,-75.3702011,history,Montgomery County history || history-42045,39.9166853,-75.3988178,history,Delaware County history || history-42029,39.9740287,-75.7497512,history,Chester County history || history-42077,40.6142409,-75.5906269,history,Lehigh County history || history-42043,40.4125646,-76.7926343,history,Dauphin County history || history-42027,40.9093218,-77.8476670,history,Centre County history || history-42017,40.3368872,-75.1070600,history,Bucks County history || history-42049,42.1179519,-80.0963858,history,Erie County history || history-42089,41.0562401,-75.3290651,history,Monroe County history || history-42095,40.7527913,-75.3074468,history,Northampton County history || history-42079,41.1730778,-75.9760533,history,Luzerne County history || history-42069,41.4366359,-75.6087683,history,Lackawanna County history || history-42011,40.4139565,-75.9268598,history,Berks County history || history-42133,39.9217514,-76.7288887,history,York County history || history-42071,40.0419921,-76.2501980,history,Lancaster County history || history-42129,40.3110682,-79.4666879,history,Westmoreland County history || history-42019,40.9138467,-79.9189776,history,Butler County history || history-42125,40.2000054,-80.2521319,history,Washington County history || history-42041,40.1648047,-77.2634419,history,Cumberland County history || history-42009,39.9986336,-78.4947466,history,Bedford County history || history-42057,39.9107505,-78.1226171,history,Fulton County history || history-42111,39.9812968,-79.0284859,history,Somerset County history || history-42065,41.1380282,-79.0124190,history,Jefferson County history || history-42005,40.8123805,-79.4641285,history,Armstrong County history || history-42021,40.5102089,-78.7104876,history,Cambria County history || history-42107,40.7036820,-76.2177878,history,Schuylkill County history markerTypes: city,city-node,#172033,26 || story,story,#4f46e5,23 || pivot,pivot,#8b7cf6,23 || history,circle,#172033,26 markerBadges: story-west-chester-2024,1 || story-greensburg-2024,1 || story-butler-2024,2 || story-washington-2024,3 || story-doylestown-2020,1 || story-west-chester-2020,2 || story-wilkes-barre-2020,1 || story-greensburg-2020,1 || story-butler-2020,2 || story-washington-2020,3 || story-doylestown-2016,1 || story-west-chester-2016,2 || story-wilkes-barre-2016,1 || story-greensburg-2016,1 || story-butler-2016,2 || story-washington-2016,3 || story-doylestown-2012,1 || story-wilkes-barre-2012,1 || story-greensburg-2012,1 || story-butler-2012,2 || story-washington-2012,3 || story-doylestown-2008,1 || story-wilkes-barre-2008,1 || story-greensburg-2008,1 || story-butler-2008,2 || story-doylestown-2004,1 || story-wilkes-barre-2004,1 || story-greensburg-2004,1 || story-butler-2004,2 || story-doylestown-2000,1 || story-wilkes-barre-2000,1 || story-butler-2000,2 || story-washington-2000,3 popupData: city-philadelphia-2024::Philadelphia | County:Philadelphia;;Role:Democratic metropolitan core;;What to notice:Harris still won overwhelmingly here, but the city's enormous margin could not overcome Trump's accumulated advantage across the rest of Pennsylvania. || pivot-doylestown-2024::Doylestown | County:Bucks;;Role:Electoral pivot;;What to notice:Bucks was effectively tied and flipped to Trump by only 291 votes, showing how little suburban margin Harris had to spare. || story-west-chester-2024::West Chester | County:Chester;;Story 1:Contained suburban losses;;What to notice:Chester remained clearly Democratic. Trump did not need to win the affluent inner suburbs—he needed to keep their Democratic margins contained. || city-scranton-2024::Scranton | County:Lackawanna;;Role:Diminished Democratic industrial anchor;;What to notice:Lackawanna stayed Democratic, but only narrowly. A former source of comfortable Democratic margins had become highly competitive. || city-allentown-2024::Allentown | County:Lehigh;;Role:Lehigh Valley Democratic anchor;;What to notice:Lehigh narrowly stayed Democratic while neighboring Northampton flipped to Trump, leaving the wider region tilted Republican. || pivot-wilkes-barre-2024::Wilkes-Barre | County:Luzerne;;Role:Working-class realignment pivot;;What to notice:Luzerne's durable Republican margin shows how a former Democratic stronghold had become part of Trump's dependable coalition. || city-pittsburgh-2024::Pittsburgh | County:Allegheny;;Role:Western Democratic anchor;;What to notice:Allegheny produced the main Democratic margin in western Pennsylvania, but it was surrounded by multiple large Republican counties. || story-greensburg-2024::Greensburg | County:Westmoreland;;Story 1:Immediate metropolitan counterweight;;What to notice:Westmoreland generated a large Trump margin directly outside Allegheny, erasing a major share of Pittsburgh's Democratic advantage. || story-butler-2024::Butler | County:Butler;;Story 2:Exurban Republican engine;;What to notice:Butler combined a sizable electorate with an intensely Republican result north of Pittsburgh. || story-washington-2024::Washington | County:Washington;;Story 3:The southern counterweight;;What to notice:Washington reinforced the red outer ring around Pittsburgh and helped the wider western region overcome Allegheny's margin. || city-philadelphia-2020::Philadelphia | County:Philadelphia;;Role:Democratic metropolitan core;;What to notice:Biden's 471,305-vote city margin supplied the foundation of his statewide victory, even though Trump improved modestly inside Philadelphia. || story-doylestown-2020::Doylestown | County:Bucks;;Story 1:Outer-suburban improvement;;What to notice:Biden carried Bucks by 4.37 points. That margin was not enormous, but it was a meaningful improvement in the most competitive large Philadelphia suburban county. || story-west-chester-2020::West Chester | County:Chester;;Story 2:The suburban expansion;;What to notice:Chester gave Biden a 17-point margin, demonstrating how a county that had recently been Republican became a major Democratic asset. || city-scranton-2020::Scranton | County:Lackawanna;;Role:Strengthened Democratic anchor;;What to notice:Biden rebuilt the Democratic margin in Lackawanna to more than eight points after the county had nearly flipped in 2016. || city-allentown-2020::Allentown | County:Lehigh;;Role:Lehigh Valley anchor;;What to notice:Lehigh gave Biden a 7.58-point margin and supplied most of the Democratic advantage in the politically divided Lehigh Valley. || pivot-bethlehem-2020::Bethlehem | County:Northampton;;Role:Reclaimed electoral pivot;;What to notice:Northampton returned to the Democratic column by only 1,233 votes after backing Trump in 2016. || story-wilkes-barre-2020::Wilkes-Barre | County:Luzerne;;Story 1:Containing the realignment;;What to notice:Trump still carried Luzerne comfortably, but Biden reduced the Republican margin enough to keep the county from repeating the scale of its 2016 impact. || city-pittsburgh-2020::Pittsburgh | County:Allegheny;;Role:Western Democratic anchor;;What to notice:Biden gained 147,846 net votes in Allegheny, producing the major Democratic counterweight to the Republican counties surrounding Pittsburgh. || story-greensburg-2020::Greensburg | County:Westmoreland;;Story 1:A large but reduced counterweight;;What to notice:Westmoreland remained strongly Republican, but Trump's margin narrowed from 2016 while Biden's Allegheny margin expanded. || story-butler-2020::Butler | County:Butler;;Story 2:Exurban Republican engine;;What to notice:Butler remained one of the largest and most intensely Republican counties in the Pittsburgh outer ring. || story-washington-2020::Washington | County:Washington;;Story 3:The southwestern ring;;What to notice:Washington supplied another large Republican margin, but the combined western counterweight was not enough to erase Biden's gains in Allegheny and the east. || city-philadelphia-2016::Philadelphia | County:Philadelphia;;Role:Democratic metropolitan core;;What to notice:Clinton gained 475,277 net votes in Philadelphia, but even that enormous city margin was not enough to overcome Trump's combined advantage elsewhere. || story-doylestown-2016::Doylestown | County:Bucks;;Story 1:The near tie;;What to notice:Clinton carried Bucks by only 2,699 votes. The most competitive major Philadelphia suburban county supplied almost none of the cushion she needed. || story-west-chester-2016::West Chester | County:Chester;;Story 2:An emerging suburban shift;;What to notice:Chester moved clearly toward Clinton, foreshadowing later Democratic suburban strength, but its 25,568-vote margin could not offset the industrial and rural realignment. || city-scranton-2016::Scranton | County:Lackawanna;;Role:Diminished Democratic anchor;;What to notice:Clinton held Lackawanna by only 3,599 votes while neighboring Luzerne produced a 26,237-vote Trump margin. || city-allentown-2016::Allentown | County:Lehigh;;Role:Lehigh Valley Democratic anchor;;What to notice:Lehigh stayed Democratic by 7,634 votes, but Northampton flipped to Trump, leaving the wider valley nearly balanced. || pivot-bethlehem-2016::Bethlehem | County:Northampton;;Role:Electoral realignment pivot;;What to notice:Northampton switched from Obama to Trump and gave him a 5,464-vote margin, reversing the regional balance. || story-wilkes-barre-2016::Wilkes-Barre | County:Luzerne;;Story 1:The realignment shock;;What to notice:Luzerne moved from Obama to Trump and generated a 26,237-vote Republican margin—most of Trump's statewide victory margin from one county. || city-pittsburgh-2016::Pittsburgh | County:Allegheny;;Role:Western Democratic anchor;;What to notice:Clinton gained 108,137 net votes in Allegheny, but the Republican counties surrounding Pittsburgh more than erased it. || story-greensburg-2016::Greensburg | County:Westmoreland;;Story 1:The immediate counterweight;;What to notice:Westmoreland produced a 56,853-vote Trump margin directly outside Allegheny, erasing more than half of Clinton's Pittsburgh-area advantage. || story-butler-2016::Butler | County:Butler;;Story 2:Exurban Republican engine;;What to notice:Butler gave Trump a 35,844-vote margin north of Pittsburgh, reinforcing the Republican outer ring. || story-washington-2016::Washington | County:Washington;;Story 3:The southwestern realignment;;What to notice:Washington added a 25,064-vote Trump margin and showed the continuing Republican movement of southwestern Pennsylvania outside Pittsburgh. || city-philadelphia-2012::Philadelphia | County:Philadelphia;;Role:Democratic metropolitan core;;What to notice:Obama's 492,339-vote Philadelphia margin was larger than his entire statewide victory and formed the foundation of the coalition. || story-doylestown-2012::Doylestown | County:Bucks;;Story 1:Narrow suburban hold;;What to notice:Obama carried Bucks by only 3,942 votes, preserving the most competitive major Philadelphia suburban county. || pivot-west-chester-2012::West Chester | County:Chester;;Role:Suburban electoral pivot;;What to notice:Chester flipped from Obama to Romney by only 529 votes, before becoming a major Democratic suburban county in later elections. || city-scranton-2012::Scranton | County:Lackawanna;;Role:Democratic industrial stronghold;;What to notice:Obama carried Lackawanna by 27.20 points, showing how securely Democratic the Scranton area remained before its later rightward movement. || city-allentown-2012::Allentown | County:Lehigh;;Role:Lehigh Valley Democratic anchor;;What to notice:Lehigh and Northampton together gave Obama a 17,569-vote advantage, making the valley a clear Democratic asset. || story-wilkes-barre-2012::Wilkes-Barre | County:Luzerne;;Story 1:The old coalition's final victory;;What to notice:Obama narrowly carried Luzerne in 2012. Four years later, Trump would win it by more than 26,000 votes. || city-pittsburgh-2012::Pittsburgh | County:Allegheny;;Role:Western Democratic anchor;;What to notice:Allegheny gave Obama a 90,648-vote margin, the essential western counterweight to the Republican counties surrounding Pittsburgh. || story-greensburg-2012::Greensburg | County:Westmoreland;;Story 1:Immediate metropolitan counterweight;;What to notice:Westmoreland produced a 40,210-vote Romney margin directly outside Allegheny, erasing nearly half of Obama's Pittsburgh-area advantage. || story-butler-2012::Butler | County:Butler;;Story 2:Exurban Republican engine;;What to notice:Butler gave Romney a 31,211-vote margin north of Pittsburgh, reinforcing the Republican western ring. || story-washington-2012::Washington | County:Washington;;Story 3:The southwestern counterweight;;What to notice:Washington supplied another 12,885-vote Romney margin, though it remained less Republican than it would become in later elections. || city-philadelphia-2008::Philadelphia | County:Philadelphia;;Role:Democratic metropolitan core;;What to notice:Obama gained 478,759 net votes in Philadelphia, supplying more than three quarters of his final statewide margin from the city alone. || story-doylestown-2008::Doylestown | County:Bucks;;Story 1:Broad suburban support;;What to notice:Obama carried Bucks by 28,783 votes, showing that his Philadelphia-area coalition extended beyond the overwhelmingly Democratic inner suburbs. || pivot-west-chester-2008::West Chester | County:Chester;;Role:Suburban breakthrough;;What to notice:Chester flipped from Bush to Obama and gave Democrats a 23,412-vote margin, an early sign of the county’s long-term political transformation. || city-scranton-2008::Scranton | County:Lackawanna;;Role:Northeastern Democratic stronghold;;What to notice:Lackawanna gave Obama a 28,032-vote margin and remained one of the strongest Democratic counties outside Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. || city-allentown-2008::Allentown | County:Lehigh;;Role:Lehigh Valley anchor;;What to notice:Lehigh supplied a 23,707-vote Obama margin, while neighboring Northampton added another 16,704 votes to the regional Democratic advantage. || pivot-stroudsburg-2008::Stroudsburg | County:Monroe;;Role:Northeastern breakthrough;;What to notice:Monroe flipped from Bush to Obama and produced an 11,160-vote Democratic margin, reflecting the growing importance of the Poconos to the statewide coalition. || story-wilkes-barre-2008::Wilkes-Barre | County:Luzerne;;Story 1:Pre-realignment Democratic strength;;What to notice:Luzerne gave Obama an 11,365-vote margin. Eight years later it would become the most dramatic industrial-county flip in Pennsylvania. || city-pittsburgh-2008::Pittsburgh | County:Allegheny;;Role:Western Democratic anchor;;What to notice:Allegheny produced a 100,806-vote Obama margin, the only Democratic county in the southwestern corner of the state. || story-greensburg-2008::Greensburg | County:Westmoreland;;Story 1:The immediate counterweight;;What to notice:Westmoreland supplied a 29,573-vote McCain margin directly outside Allegheny, offsetting a substantial share of Pittsburgh’s Democratic advantage. || story-butler-2008::Butler | County:Butler;;Story 2:Western Republican engine;;What to notice:Butler gave McCain a 24,814-vote margin and reinforced the Republican outer ring north of Pittsburgh. || pivot-washington-2008::Washington | County:Washington;;Role:Southwestern realignment pivot;;What to notice:Washington flipped from Kerry to McCain by 4,630 votes, showing that southwestern Pennsylvania was moving right even during Obama’s statewide landslide. || city-philadelphia-2004::Philadelphia | County:Philadelphia;;Role:Democratic metropolitan core;;What to notice:Kerry gained 412,106 net votes here—nearly three times his statewide margin. Philadelphia was the indispensable foundation of the victory. || story-doylestown-2004::Doylestown | County:Bucks;;Story 1:The competitive suburban hold;;What to notice:Kerry carried Bucks by 8,969 votes, preserving a narrow Democratic edge in the most closely divided major Philadelphia suburban county. || pivot-west-chester-2004::West Chester | County:Chester;;Role:Suburban transition point;;What to notice:Bush still carried Chester by 10,328 votes. The county had not yet undergone the Democratic suburban transformation visible in later elections. || city-scranton-2004::Scranton | County:Lackawanna;;Role:Northeastern Democratic anchor;;What to notice:Lackawanna gave Kerry a 14,807-vote margin, the strongest Democratic advantage in northeastern Pennsylvania. || city-allentown-2004::Allentown | County:Lehigh;;Role:Lehigh Valley Democratic anchor;;What to notice:Kerry carried Lehigh by 3,780 votes while neighboring Northampton was even closer, leaving the valley narrowly Democratic. || pivot-stroudsburg-2004::Stroudsburg | County:Monroe;;Role:Four-vote electoral pivot;;What to notice:Bush won Monroe County by only four votes, making it the closest county result in Pennsylvania. || story-wilkes-barre-2004::Wilkes-Barre | County:Luzerne;;Story 1:The old northeastern coalition;;What to notice:Kerry carried Luzerne by 4,620 votes. The county was still Democratic, but the margin was already much smaller than in earlier elections. || city-pittsburgh-2004::Pittsburgh | County:Allegheny;;Role:Western Democratic anchor;;What to notice:Allegheny gave Kerry a 96,987-vote margin and kept western Pennsylvania central to the Democratic statewide coalition. || story-greensburg-2004::Greensburg | County:Westmoreland;;Story 1:The immediate western counterweight;;What to notice:Westmoreland produced a 22,313-vote Bush margin directly outside Allegheny. || story-butler-2004::Butler | County:Butler;;Story 2:The Republican outer ring;;What to notice:Butler gave Bush a 24,869-vote margin north of Pittsburgh, reinforcing the Republican western ring. || pivot-washington-2004::Washington | County:Washington;;Role:Fragile Democratic hold;;What to notice:Kerry carried Washington by only 552 votes. Four years later, the county would flip Republican. || city-philadelphia-2000::Philadelphia | County:Philadelphia;;Role:Democratic metropolitan core;;What to notice:Gore gained 348,223 net votes here, an overwhelming margin that formed the foundation of his Pennsylvania victory. || story-doylestown-2000::Doylestown | County:Bucks;;Story 1:The statewide-margin county;;What to notice:Gore carried Bucks by 4.17 points—the same margin by which he won Pennsylvania as a whole. || pivot-west-chester-2000::West Chester | County:Chester;;Role:Suburban transition point;;What to notice:Chester was still Republican by nearly ten points, showing that the modern Democratic suburban ring had not yet fully formed. || city-scranton-2000::Scranton | County:Lackawanna;;Role:Northeastern Democratic anchor;;What to notice:Lackawanna gave Gore a 23.22-point margin and remained one of the strongest Democratic counties outside Philadelphia. || city-allentown-2000::Allentown | County:Lehigh;;Role:Narrow Lehigh Valley hold;;What to notice:Gore carried Lehigh by only 1,175 votes, while neighboring Northampton supplied a somewhat clearer Democratic margin. || pivot-stroudsburg-2000::Stroudsburg | County:Monroe;;Role:Northeastern electoral pivot;;What to notice:Bush carried Monroe by only 1,326 votes, making it one of the closest featured counties and a future Democratic target. || story-wilkes-barre-2000::Wilkes-Barre | County:Luzerne;;Story 1:The old coal-region coalition;;What to notice:Luzerne still gave Gore a clear Democratic margin, long before the county became a center of Republican realignment. || city-pittsburgh-2000::Pittsburgh | County:Allegheny;;Role:Western Democratic anchor;;What to notice:Allegheny produced a 94,602-vote Gore margin that outweighed the Republican counties surrounding Pittsburgh. || pivot-greensburg-2000::Greensburg | County:Westmoreland;;Role:Western realignment flip;;What to notice:Westmoreland moved from Clinton to Bush and gave Republicans a 9,066-vote margin directly beside Allegheny. || story-butler-2000::Butler | County:Butler;;Story 2:Established Republican outer ring;;What to notice:Butler was already deeply Republican, giving Bush an 18,972-vote margin north of Pittsburgh. || story-washington-2000::Washington | County:Washington;;Story 3:The older Democratic southwest;;What to notice:Washington remained Democratic by 7,622 votes, preserving part of the industrial coalition that would later move toward Republicans. emitSelection: map.selection emitas: pennsylvania-map consumes: map.command consumefrom: pennsylvania-story #end #component:reactive height: auto background: transparent padding: 0 accent: #4f46e5 state: selectedCode=42049 || nextSelectedCode=42049 || selectionInitialized=0 || timelineOpen=0 || detailYear=2024 || lastGlobalYear=2024 || countyFocused=0 || lastView=statewide data: {"counties2024":[{"code":"42101","name":"Philadelphia","group":"Democratic metropolitan engine","groupColor":"#2563eb","margin":"Harris +58.81","role":"Largest Democratic reservoir","why":"Philadelphia remained Pennsylvania's largest Democratic vote reservoir. Harris won more than three quarters of the county's vote and generated the biggest Democratic margin in the state.","effect":"Harris gained 424,260 net votes here. Trump won statewide because his advantages across the rest of Pennsylvania exceeded even this enormous Philadelphia margin.","dem":"78.81%","rep":"20.00%","winnerName":"HARRIS","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"78.81%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"20.00%","netVotes":"424,260"},{"code":"42003","name":"Allegheny","group":"Democratic metropolitan engine","groupColor":"#2563eb","margin":"Harris +20.31","role":"Pittsburgh anchor","why":"Allegheny, home to Pittsburgh, remained the major Democratic anchor in western Pennsylvania.","effect":"Harris gained 146,321 net votes here, but Republican margins in Westmoreland, Butler, Washington, and the wider west more than countered it.","dem":"59.67%","rep":"39.36%","winnerName":"HARRIS","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"59.67%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"39.36%","netVotes":"146,321"},{"code":"42091","name":"Montgomery","group":"Democratic suburban and regional support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","margin":"Harris +22.80","role":"Philadelphia suburban anchor","why":"Montgomery remained a powerful Democratic county in the Philadelphia suburbs and delivered Harris her second-largest county margin.","effect":"Its 118,792-vote Harris margin kept southeastern Pennsylvania strongly Democratic, but the surrounding suburban coalition did not expand enough to win the state.","dem":"60.88%","rep":"38.07%","winnerName":"HARRIS","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"60.88%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"38.07%","netVotes":"118,792"},{"code":"42045","name":"Delaware","group":"Democratic suburban and regional support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","margin":"Harris +23.74","role":"Inner-suburban anchor","why":"Delaware County continued to vote decisively Democratic as part of the inner Philadelphia suburban ring.","effect":"Harris gained 77,903 net votes here, another major cushion that was ultimately outweighed by Trump's broader statewide gains.","dem":"61.35%","rep":"37.61%","winnerName":"HARRIS","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"61.35%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"37.61%","netVotes":"77,903"},{"code":"42029","name":"Chester","group":"Democratic suburban and regional support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","margin":"Harris +14.46","role":"Affluent suburban anchor","why":"Chester showed that affluent Philadelphia suburbs remained Democratic even as Trump improved across the region.","effect":"Its 46,982-vote Harris margin mattered, but it was smaller than the combined Republican margins produced by several large counties elsewhere.","dem":"56.71%","rep":"42.25%","winnerName":"HARRIS","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"56.71%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"42.25%","netVotes":"46,982"},{"code":"42077","name":"Lehigh","group":"Democratic suburban and regional support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","margin":"Harris +2.69","role":"Lehigh Valley Democratic hold","why":"Lehigh remained narrowly Democratic, preserving one side of the politically divided Lehigh Valley.","effect":"Harris gained only 5,110 net votes here while neighboring Northampton flipped to Trump, leaving the region nearly balanced.","dem":"50.74%","rep":"48.05%","winnerName":"HARRIS","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"50.74%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"48.05%","netVotes":"5,110"},{"code":"42043","name":"Dauphin","group":"Democratic suburban and regional support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","margin":"Harris +5.92","role":"Harrisburg-area anchor","why":"Dauphin, centered on Harrisburg, gave Harris a modest regional margin in south-central Pennsylvania.","effect":"Its 8,853-vote Democratic advantage was useful but small beside Republican margins in neighboring Cumberland, York, Lancaster, and other counties.","dem":"52.38%","rep":"46.46%","winnerName":"HARRIS","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"52.38%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"46.46%","netVotes":"8,853"},{"code":"42027","name":"Centre","group":"Democratic suburban and regional support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","margin":"Harris +2.83","role":"College-town Democratic hold","why":"Centre, home to Penn State, remained a narrow Democratic island in central Pennsylvania.","effect":"Harris gained 2,290 net votes here, but the county was surrounded by much larger Republican margins.","dem":"50.89%","rep":"48.06%","winnerName":"HARRIS","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"50.89%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"48.06%","netVotes":"2,290"},{"code":"42017","name":"Bucks","group":"Competitive and realignment county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","margin":"Trump +0.07","role":"Historic suburban flip","why":"Bucks was nearly tied, but Trump became the first Republican presidential candidate to carry it since 1988. The result showed how little suburban margin Harris had to spare.","effect":"Trump won Bucks by just 291 votes. The raw margin was tiny, but flipping a large Philadelphia suburban county was a powerful sign that the statewide coalition had tilted his way.","dem":"49.48%","rep":"49.55%","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"49.55%","loserName":"HARRIS","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"49.48%","netVotes":"291"},{"code":"42049","name":"Erie","group":"Competitive and realignment county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","margin":"Trump +1.02","role":"Northwestern bellwether flip","why":"Erie had voted for Trump in 2016 and Biden in 2020. Its return to the Republican column reflected the state's broader shift.","effect":"Trump gained 1,410 net votes here. More importantly, Erie confirmed that the closely divided counties were breaking Republican.","dem":"49.03%","rep":"50.05%","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"50.05%","loserName":"HARRIS","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"49.03%","netVotes":"1,410"},{"code":"42089","name":"Monroe","group":"Competitive and realignment county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","margin":"Trump +0.78","role":"Northeastern flip","why":"Monroe had been Democratic in every presidential election since 2008. Trump narrowly reclaimed it as northeastern Pennsylvania moved further right.","effect":"The 669-vote margin was small, but Monroe joined the set of former Democratic counties that collectively changed the statewide balance.","dem":"49.12%","rep":"49.90%","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"49.90%","loserName":"HARRIS","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"49.12%","netVotes":"669"},{"code":"42095","name":"Northampton","group":"Competitive and realignment county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","margin":"Trump +1.77","role":"Lehigh Valley flip","why":"Northampton is one of Pennsylvania's most revealing swing counties. Trump carried it in 2016, Biden reclaimed it in 2020, and Trump won it back in 2024.","effect":"Trump's 3,162-vote margin erased much of Harris's advantage in neighboring Lehigh and helped turn the Lehigh Valley into a net Republican region.","dem":"48.62%","rep":"50.40%","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"50.40%","loserName":"HARRIS","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"48.62%","netVotes":"3,162"},{"code":"42079","name":"Luzerne","group":"Competitive and realignment county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","margin":"Trump +19.17","role":"Consolidated working-class realignment","why":"Luzerne was once a dependable part of the Democratic coalition. By 2024, Trump was carrying it by nearly twenty points.","effect":"Trump gained 29,940 net votes here, showing that northeastern realignment was no longer a narrow swing but a durable Republican advantage.","dem":"40.03%","rep":"59.20%","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"59.20%","loserName":"HARRIS","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"40.03%","netVotes":"29,940"},{"code":"42069","name":"Lackawanna","group":"Competitive and realignment county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","margin":"Harris +2.79","role":"Diminished Democratic hold","why":"Lackawanna, home to Scranton, remained Democratic, but only narrowly. A former source of comfortable Democratic margins had become highly competitive.","effect":"Harris gained just 3,249 net votes here, far too little to counter Trump's 29,940-vote advantage in neighboring Luzerne.","dem":"51.04%","rep":"48.26%","winnerName":"HARRIS","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"51.04%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"48.26%","netVotes":"3,249"},{"code":"42011","name":"Berks","group":"Competitive and realignment county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","margin":"Trump +12.18","role":"Large eastern Republican margin","why":"Berks combined a sizable electorate with a clear Republican advantage, bridging the state's suburban southeast and its more Republican interior.","effect":"Trump gained 25,552 net votes here, one of the large eastern margins that reduced the impact of Harris's Philadelphia suburban strength.","dem":"43.43%","rep":"55.60%","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"55.60%","loserName":"HARRIS","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"43.43%","netVotes":"25,552"},{"code":"42133","name":"York","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","margin":"Trump +25.26","role":"South-central vote engine","why":"York was one of Trump's largest vote-producing counties, combining a substantial population with a strongly Republican result.","effect":"Trump gained 62,958 net votes here, more than half his final statewide margin from a single county.","dem":"36.89%","rep":"62.15%","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"62.15%","loserName":"HARRIS","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"36.89%","netVotes":"62,958"},{"code":"42071","name":"Lancaster","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","margin":"Trump +15.95","role":"Large Republican-producing county","why":"Lancaster gave Trump a major margin in a populous county just beyond the Democratic Philadelphia suburbs.","effect":"Its 46,142-vote Trump margin helped contain the Democratic advantage across southeastern Pennsylvania.","dem":"41.53%","rep":"57.48%","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"57.48%","loserName":"HARRIS","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"41.53%","netVotes":"46,142"},{"code":"42129","name":"Westmoreland","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","margin":"Trump +28.42","role":"Pittsburgh-area counterweight","why":"Westmoreland sits beside heavily Democratic Allegheny but votes strongly Republican, producing a sharp metropolitan core-versus-outer-county divide.","effect":"Trump gained 60,104 net votes here, erasing a large share of Harris's Allegheny County advantage.","dem":"35.42%","rep":"63.85%","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"63.85%","loserName":"HARRIS","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"35.42%","netVotes":"60,104"},{"code":"42019","name":"Butler","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","margin":"Trump +32.21","role":"Western exurban vote engine","why":"Butler was a large and deeply Republican county north of Pittsburgh.","effect":"Its 39,112-vote Trump margin joined Westmoreland and Washington in surrounding Allegheny with major Republican advantages.","dem":"33.48%","rep":"65.69%","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"65.69%","loserName":"HARRIS","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"33.48%","netVotes":"39,112"},{"code":"42125","name":"Washington","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","margin":"Trump +25.51","role":"Southwestern Republican engine","why":"Washington County reinforced the Republican coalition southwest of Pittsburgh.","effect":"Trump gained 31,019 net votes here, helping the wider western region overcome Harris's Pittsburgh margin.","dem":"36.93%","rep":"62.43%","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"62.43%","loserName":"HARRIS","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"36.93%","netVotes":"31,019"},{"code":"42041","name":"Cumberland","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","margin":"Trump +9.44","role":"Harrisburg suburban counterweight","why":"Cumberland was less Republican than many interior counties but had enough voters for its moderate margin to matter.","effect":"Trump gained 14,012 net votes here, more than offsetting Harris's 8,853-vote advantage in neighboring Dauphin.","dem":"44.65%","rep":"54.09%","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"54.09%","loserName":"HARRIS","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"44.65%","netVotes":"14,012"},{"code":"42009","name":"Bedford","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","margin":"Trump +68.62","role":"Appalachian Republican base","why":"Bedford illustrates the extraordinary depth of Republican support across rural and Appalachian Pennsylvania.","effect":"The county was small, but its 19,322-vote Trump margin was one of many rural advantages that accumulated across the state.","dem":"15.40%","rep":"84.01%","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"84.01%","loserName":"HARRIS","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"15.40%","netVotes":"19,322"},{"code":"42057","name":"Fulton","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","margin":"Trump +72.61","role":"Deepest Republican base","why":"Fulton delivered Trump's widest percentage margin among Pennsylvania counties.","effect":"Its 5,937-vote margin was modest in raw terms, but it typified the overwhelming Republican percentages found throughout the rural interior.","dem":"13.48%","rep":"86.08%","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"86.08%","loserName":"HARRIS","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"13.48%","netVotes":"5,937"},{"code":"42111","name":"Somerset","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","margin":"Trump +57.23","role":"Southwestern rural base","why":"Somerset formed part of the strongly Republican Appalachian bloc east of Pittsburgh.","effect":"Trump gained 23,397 net votes here, another substantial contribution from outside the state's major population centers.","dem":"21.03%","rep":"78.26%","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"78.26%","loserName":"HARRIS","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"21.03%","netVotes":"23,397"},{"code":"42065","name":"Jefferson","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","margin":"Trump +58.49","role":"Northern rural base","why":"Jefferson shows the consistency of Republican strength across the smaller counties of western and northern Pennsylvania.","effect":"Its 13,528-vote Trump margin was part of the cumulative rural advantage that Democratic metropolitan wins could not erase.","dem":"20.35%","rep":"78.84%","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"78.84%","loserName":"HARRIS","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"20.35%","netVotes":"13,528"},{"code":"42005","name":"Armstrong","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","margin":"Trump +53.19","role":"Western rural base","why":"Armstrong added another overwhelming Republican result in western Pennsylvania.","effect":"Trump gained 19,743 net votes here, reinforcing the broad red territory surrounding Allegheny County.","dem":"23.04%","rep":"76.23%","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"76.23%","loserName":"HARRIS","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"23.04%","netVotes":"19,743"},{"code":"42021","name":"Cambria","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","margin":"Trump +39.69","role":"Former Democratic county turned GOP base","why":"Cambria, centered on Johnstown, had once been competitive Democratic industrial territory. By 2024 it was firmly Republican.","effect":"Trump gained 28,231 net votes here, showing how earlier realignment had become a dependable part of the Republican base.","dem":"29.77%","rep":"69.46%","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"69.46%","loserName":"HARRIS","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"29.77%","netVotes":"28,231"},{"code":"42107","name":"Schuylkill","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","margin":"Trump +42.06","role":"Coal-region Republican base","why":"Schuylkill reflects the long-term rightward movement of Pennsylvania's coal-region counties.","effect":"Trump gained 30,783 net votes here, a major northeastern margin beyond the four counties that flipped in 2024.","dem":"28.53%","rep":"70.60%","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"70.60%","loserName":"HARRIS","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"28.53%","netVotes":"30,783"}],"counties2020":[{"code":"42101","name":"Philadelphia","group":"Democratic metropolitan engine","groupColor":"#2563eb","dem":"81.44%","rep":"17.90%","margin":"Biden +63.54","role":"Largest Democratic reservoir","why":"Philadelphia supplied Biden with the largest Democratic margin in Pennsylvania. Even with Trump improving modestly in the city, the county remained the foundation of the statewide coalition.","effect":"Biden gained 471,305 net votes here. That single margin was larger than his statewide victory, allowing the rest of the coalition to absorb Republican advantages elsewhere.","winnerName":"BIDEN","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"81.44%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"17.90%","netVotes":"471,305"},{"code":"42003","name":"Allegheny","group":"Democratic metropolitan engine","groupColor":"#2563eb","dem":"59.61%","rep":"39.23%","margin":"Biden +20.39","role":"Pittsburgh anchor","why":"Allegheny delivered the major Democratic margin in western Pennsylvania and gave Biden a stronger performance around Pittsburgh than recent Democratic nominees.","effect":"Biden gained 147,846 net votes here. The county was essential because the surrounding western counties remained strongly Republican.","winnerName":"BIDEN","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"59.61%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"39.23%","netVotes":"147,846"},{"code":"42091","name":"Montgomery","group":"Suburban and regional Democratic gain","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"62.63%","rep":"36.35%","margin":"Biden +26.28","role":"Largest suburban engine","why":"Montgomery showed the scale of Biden's improvement in the Philadelphia suburbs, combining a large electorate with an overwhelming Democratic margin.","effect":"Biden gained 134,051 net votes here, making Montgomery one of the principal reasons he could overcome Trump's rural and western advantages.","winnerName":"BIDEN","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"62.63%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"36.35%","netVotes":"134,051"},{"code":"42045","name":"Delaware","group":"Suburban and regional Democratic gain","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"62.95%","rep":"36.15%","margin":"Biden +26.80","role":"Inner-suburban engine","why":"Delaware County continued its movement toward the Democrats and supplied a major margin immediately outside Philadelphia.","effect":"Biden gained 88,070 net votes here. Together with Montgomery and Chester, it made the southeastern suburban ring decisive.","winnerName":"BIDEN","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"62.95%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"36.15%","netVotes":"88,070"},{"code":"42029","name":"Chester","group":"Suburban and regional Democratic gain","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"57.99%","rep":"40.88%","margin":"Biden +17.11","role":"Affluent suburban expansion","why":"Chester had been a Republican county within the previous decade. By 2020 it had become a substantial source of Democratic votes.","effect":"Biden gained 53,807 net votes here, expanding the suburban advantage that separated his coalition from the one that lost Pennsylvania in 2016.","winnerName":"BIDEN","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"57.99%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"40.88%","netVotes":"53,807"},{"code":"42077","name":"Lehigh","group":"Suburban and regional Democratic gain","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"53.21%","rep":"45.62%","margin":"Biden +7.60","role":"Lehigh Valley anchor","why":"Lehigh gave Biden a clear Democratic margin in the Lehigh Valley and helped support the narrow recovery of neighboring Northampton.","effect":"Biden gained 14,080 net votes here. Combined with Northampton's small margin, the valley became a meaningful Democratic advantage.","winnerName":"BIDEN","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"53.21%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"45.62%","netVotes":"14,080"},{"code":"42043","name":"Dauphin","group":"Suburban and regional Democratic gain","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"53.60%","rep":"45.06%","margin":"Biden +8.53","role":"Harrisburg-area support","why":"Dauphin continued the Democratic shift of urban and close-in suburban counties around Harrisburg.","effect":"Biden gained 12,575 net votes here, partially offsetting Republican strength in Cumberland, York, Lancaster, and the broader south-central region.","winnerName":"BIDEN","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"53.60%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"45.06%","netVotes":"12,575"},{"code":"42027","name":"Centre","group":"Suburban and regional Democratic gain","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"51.69%","rep":"46.94%","margin":"Biden +4.75","role":"College-region hold","why":"Centre remained a Democratic island in the center of the state, anchored by State College and Penn State.","effect":"Biden gained 3,683 net votes here. The margin was modest but important in a state decided by little more than one percentage point.","winnerName":"BIDEN","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"51.69%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"46.94%","netVotes":"3,683"},{"code":"42017","name":"Bucks","group":"Suburban and regional Democratic gain","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"51.66%","rep":"47.29%","margin":"Biden +4.38","role":"Outer-suburban gain","why":"Bucks remained the most competitive of the large Philadelphia suburban counties, but Biden expanded the Democratic margin enough for it to contribute meaningfully.","effect":"Biden gained 17,345 net votes here. Four years later the county would move almost exactly to a tie, making it an especially revealing comparison point.","winnerName":"BIDEN","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"51.66%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"47.29%","netVotes":"17,345"},{"code":"42049","name":"Erie","group":"Competitive and reclaimed industrial county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"49.81%","rep":"48.78%","margin":"Biden +1.03","role":"Reclaimed industrial flip","why":"Trump had flipped Erie in 2016. Biden won it back by a little more than one point, restoring a former Democratic industrial county to the coalition.","effect":"Biden gained 1,417 net votes here. The raw margin was small, but reclaiming Erie was part of the narrow set of changes that reversed the 2016 result.","winnerName":"BIDEN","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"49.81%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"48.78%","netVotes":"1,417"},{"code":"42089","name":"Monroe","group":"Suburban and regional Democratic gain","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"52.56%","rep":"46.20%","margin":"Biden +6.36","role":"Northeastern Democratic support","why":"Monroe remained clearly Democratic in 2020 and gave Biden a useful margin in the northeastern part of the state.","effect":"Biden gained 5,334 net votes here. Its later flip in 2024 helps show how much the regional balance changed between the two elections.","winnerName":"BIDEN","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"52.56%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"46.20%","netVotes":"5,334"},{"code":"42095","name":"Northampton","group":"Competitive and reclaimed industrial county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"49.78%","rep":"49.05%","margin":"Biden +0.72","role":"Lehigh Valley flip","why":"Northampton had backed Trump in 2016. Biden reclaimed it by less than one point, making it one of the clearest symbols of his narrow statewide recovery.","effect":"Biden gained 1,233 net votes here. Together with Erie, the flip supplied only a small raw margin but marked a crucial change in the competitive map.","winnerName":"BIDEN","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"49.78%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"49.05%","netVotes":"1,233"},{"code":"42079","name":"Luzerne","group":"Competitive and reclaimed industrial county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"42.31%","rep":"56.70%","margin":"Trump +14.39","role":"Reduced Republican realignment margin","why":"Luzerne remained Republican after its dramatic 2016 shift, but Biden reduced Trump's percentage margin and limited the damage in a populous northeastern county.","effect":"Trump gained 22,056 net votes here. Biden did not need to win Luzerne; he needed to prevent it from reproducing the scale of the 2016 shock.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"56.70%","loserName":"BIDEN","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"42.31%","netVotes":"22,056"},{"code":"42069","name":"Lackawanna","group":"Suburban and regional Democratic gain","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"53.71%","rep":"45.35%","margin":"Biden +8.37","role":"Strengthened Scranton anchor","why":"Lackawanna had nearly flipped in 2016. Biden restored a clearer Democratic margin in his birth county and rebuilt support around Scranton.","effect":"Biden gained 9,657 net votes here, giving the Democrats a meaningful northeastern cushion beside strongly Republican Luzerne.","winnerName":"BIDEN","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"53.71%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"45.35%","netVotes":"9,657"},{"code":"42011","name":"Berks","group":"Competitive and reclaimed industrial county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"45.20%","rep":"53.39%","margin":"Trump +8.19","role":"Contained eastern Republican margin","why":"Berks remained Republican, but its margin was far smaller than those in many rural counties and Biden remained competitive enough to limit Trump's advantage.","effect":"Trump gained 16,810 net votes here. That was substantial, but still manageable beside the much larger Democratic margins produced in the Philadelphia suburbs.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"53.39%","loserName":"BIDEN","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"45.20%","netVotes":"16,810"},{"code":"42133","name":"York","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"36.95%","rep":"61.53%","margin":"Trump +24.58","role":"South-central vote engine","why":"York combined a large electorate with a decisive Republican result, making it one of Trump's most important vote-producing counties.","effect":"Trump gained 58,619 net votes here, a major counterweight to Biden's suburban margins in southeastern Pennsylvania.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"61.53%","loserName":"BIDEN","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"36.95%","netVotes":"58,619"},{"code":"42071","name":"Lancaster","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"41.34%","rep":"57.17%","margin":"Trump +15.83","role":"Large Republican-producing county","why":"Lancaster remained clearly Republican, but Biden crossed forty percent and generated more Democratic votes than any previous presidential nominee in the county.","effect":"Trump gained 44,362 net votes here. The county still mattered greatly, but its margin was contained enough for Biden's southeastern coalition to prevail.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"57.17%","loserName":"BIDEN","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"41.34%","netVotes":"44,362"},{"code":"42129","name":"Westmoreland","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"35.24%","rep":"63.62%","margin":"Trump +28.38","role":"Pittsburgh-area counterweight","why":"Westmoreland remained a large Republican county directly outside Democratic Allegheny, preserving the sharp core-versus-outer-ring divide around Pittsburgh.","effect":"Trump gained 58,107 net votes here, erasing a large part of Biden's Allegheny advantage even though the Republican margin narrowed from 2016.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"63.62%","loserName":"BIDEN","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"35.24%","netVotes":"58,107"},{"code":"42019","name":"Butler","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"33.10%","rep":"65.63%","margin":"Trump +32.52","role":"Western exurban engine","why":"Butler supplied one of the strongest Republican margins among the populous counties surrounding Pittsburgh.","effect":"Trump gained 36,851 net votes here, reinforcing the Republican ring around Allegheny County.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"65.63%","loserName":"BIDEN","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"33.10%","netVotes":"36,851"},{"code":"42125","name":"Washington","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"38.06%","rep":"60.84%","margin":"Trump +22.78","role":"Southwestern Republican engine","why":"Washington remained part of the Republican realignment of southwestern Pennsylvania outside Pittsburgh.","effect":"Trump gained 26,992 net votes here, helping the western outer counties offset Biden's urban margin.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"60.84%","loserName":"BIDEN","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"38.06%","netVotes":"26,992"},{"code":"42041","name":"Cumberland","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"43.96%","rep":"54.53%","margin":"Trump +10.57","role":"Competitive Republican suburb","why":"Cumberland was still Republican, but it was considerably more competitive than the rural counties farther west and north.","effect":"Trump gained 14,967 net votes here, slightly more than Biden's advantage in neighboring Dauphin and therefore important to the south-central balance.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"54.53%","loserName":"BIDEN","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"43.96%","netVotes":"14,967"},{"code":"42009","name":"Bedford","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"15.84%","rep":"83.50%","margin":"Trump +67.67","role":"Appalachian Republican base","why":"Bedford illustrates the extraordinary depth of Republican support across rural and Appalachian Pennsylvania.","effect":"Trump gained 18,658 net votes here. Many counties of this kind accumulated into a statewide rural advantage that Biden had to overcome elsewhere.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"83.50%","loserName":"BIDEN","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"15.84%","netVotes":"18,658"},{"code":"42057","name":"Fulton","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"13.60%","rep":"85.55%","margin":"Trump +71.94","role":"Deepest Republican base","why":"Fulton delivered one of Trump's widest percentage margins in the state.","effect":"Trump gained 5,739 net votes here. The county was small, but it exemplified the near-unanimous Republican vote in parts of the rural interior.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"85.55%","loserName":"BIDEN","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"13.60%","netVotes":"5,739"},{"code":"42111","name":"Somerset","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"21.35%","rep":"77.61%","margin":"Trump +56.27","role":"Southwestern rural base","why":"Somerset formed part of the strongly Republican Appalachian bloc east of Pittsburgh.","effect":"Trump gained 22,812 net votes here, a substantial rural contribution to his statewide coalition.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"77.61%","loserName":"BIDEN","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"21.35%","netVotes":"22,812"},{"code":"42065","name":"Jefferson","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"19.83%","rep":"78.69%","margin":"Trump +58.85","role":"Northern rural base","why":"Jefferson shows the consistency of Republican strength across the smaller counties of western and northern Pennsylvania.","effect":"Trump gained 13,435 net votes here, one of many similar margins that accumulated across the map.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"78.69%","loserName":"BIDEN","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"19.83%","netVotes":"13,435"},{"code":"42005","name":"Armstrong","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"23.25%","rep":"75.58%","margin":"Trump +52.33","role":"Western rural base","why":"Armstrong remained overwhelmingly Republican in the western ring beyond Pittsburgh.","effect":"Trump gained 19,032 net votes here, adding to the broad Republican territory surrounding Allegheny County.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"75.58%","loserName":"BIDEN","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"23.25%","netVotes":"19,032"},{"code":"42021","name":"Cambria","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"30.79%","rep":"68.13%","margin":"Trump +37.34","role":"Former Democratic county turned GOP base","why":"Cambria had once been competitive Democratic industrial territory. By 2020 it was already firmly part of the Republican coalition.","effect":"Trump gained 26,355 net votes here, showing that Biden's victory came from rebuilding other parts of the state rather than reversing every working-class realignment.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"68.13%","loserName":"BIDEN","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"30.79%","netVotes":"26,355"},{"code":"42107","name":"Schuylkill","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"29.36%","rep":"69.22%","margin":"Trump +39.86","role":"Coal-region Republican base","why":"Schuylkill reflected the long-term Republican movement of Pennsylvania's coal-region counties.","effect":"Trump gained 28,144 net votes here, a major northeastern advantage that Biden offset with Lackawanna, Lehigh, Monroe, and the Philadelphia region.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"69.22%","loserName":"BIDEN","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"29.36%","netVotes":"28,144"}],"counties2016":[{"code":"42101","name":"Philadelphia","group":"Democratic metropolitan engine","groupColor":"#2563eb","dem":"82.53%","rep":"15.37%","margin":"Clinton +67.16","role":"Largest Democratic reservoir","why":"Philadelphia supplied Clinton with by far her largest county margin, remaining overwhelmingly Democratic even as Trump improved modestly over prior Republican nominees.","effect":"Clinton gained 475,277 net votes here. That enormous cushion was still not enough because Trump's combined advantages across the rest of Pennsylvania exceeded it.","winnerName":"CLINTON","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"82.53%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"15.37%","netVotes":"475,277"},{"code":"42003","name":"Allegheny","group":"Democratic metropolitan engine","groupColor":"#2563eb","dem":"56.55%","rep":"39.91%","margin":"Clinton +16.63","role":"Pittsburgh anchor","why":"Allegheny remained the central Democratic anchor in western Pennsylvania and gave Clinton a decisive margin around Pittsburgh.","effect":"Clinton gained 108,137 net votes here, but Westmoreland, Butler, Washington, and the wider western region more than erased that advantage.","winnerName":"CLINTON","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"56.55%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"39.91%","netVotes":"108,137"},{"code":"42091","name":"Montgomery","group":"Democratic suburban and regional hold","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"58.91%","rep":"37.44%","margin":"Clinton +21.48","role":"Largest suburban Democratic engine","why":"Montgomery delivered Clinton a commanding suburban margin and showed the Democratic strength of the inner Philadelphia suburbs.","effect":"Clinton gained 93,351 net votes here, her largest suburban advantage, but gains of this scale were not broad enough across the rest of the state.","winnerName":"CLINTON","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"58.91%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"37.44%","netVotes":"93,351"},{"code":"42045","name":"Delaware","group":"Democratic suburban and regional hold","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"59.60%","rep":"37.18%","margin":"Clinton +22.42","role":"Inner-suburban anchor","why":"Delaware County voted decisively for Clinton and reinforced the heavily Democratic inner ring around Philadelphia.","effect":"Clinton gained 66,735 net votes here, another major southeastern cushion that was outweighed by Republican margins elsewhere.","winnerName":"CLINTON","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"59.60%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"37.18%","netVotes":"66,735"},{"code":"42029","name":"Chester","group":"Democratic suburban and regional hold","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"52.71%","rep":"43.20%","margin":"Clinton +9.51","role":"Emerging suburban Democratic gain","why":"Chester moved clearly toward the Democrats and gave Clinton a meaningful margin in an affluent county that had recently leaned Republican.","effect":"Clinton gained 25,568 net votes here. The suburban movement was real, but it was not yet large enough to compensate for Trump's industrial and rural gains.","winnerName":"CLINTON","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"52.71%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"43.20%","netVotes":"25,568"},{"code":"42077","name":"Lehigh","group":"Democratic suburban and regional hold","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"50.51%","rep":"45.77%","margin":"Clinton +4.74","role":"Lehigh Valley Democratic hold","why":"Lehigh remained Democratic and supplied Clinton with the principal blue margin in the Lehigh Valley.","effect":"Clinton gained 7,634 net votes here, but neighboring Northampton flipped to Trump by 5,464 votes, leaving the region nearly balanced.","winnerName":"CLINTON","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"50.51%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"45.77%","netVotes":"7,634"},{"code":"42043","name":"Dauphin","group":"Democratic suburban and regional hold","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"49.44%","rep":"46.51%","margin":"Clinton +2.94","role":"Harrisburg-area narrow hold","why":"Dauphin stayed narrowly Democratic, anchored by Harrisburg and its close-in communities.","effect":"Clinton gained 3,843 net votes here, a small advantage beside Trump's much larger margins in Cumberland, York, Lancaster, and the surrounding region.","winnerName":"CLINTON","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"49.44%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"46.51%","netVotes":"3,843"},{"code":"42027","name":"Centre","group":"Democratic suburban and regional hold","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"48.71%","rep":"46.32%","margin":"Clinton +2.38","role":"College-town Democratic hold","why":"Centre, home to Penn State, remained a narrow Democratic island in central Pennsylvania.","effect":"Clinton gained 1,814 net votes here, useful in a close state but tiny beside the Republican margins surrounding the county.","winnerName":"CLINTON","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"48.71%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"46.32%","netVotes":"1,814"},{"code":"42017","name":"Bucks","group":"Democratic suburban and regional hold","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"48.52%","rep":"47.74%","margin":"Clinton +0.78","role":"Outer-suburban near tie","why":"Bucks was the most competitive large Philadelphia suburban county. Clinton carried it, but by less than one percentage point.","effect":"Clinton gained only 2,699 net votes here. The near tie denied her the larger suburban margin needed to offset Trump's gains elsewhere.","winnerName":"CLINTON","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"48.52%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"47.74%","netVotes":"2,699"},{"code":"42049","name":"Erie","group":"Competitive and realigning county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"46.99%","rep":"48.57%","margin":"Trump +1.58","role":"Northwestern bellwether flip","why":"Erie moved from Obama to Trump, becoming one of the closely divided industrial counties that broke the Democratic statewide coalition.","effect":"Trump gained 1,957 net votes here. The raw margin was small, but the flip was part of the narrow collection of changes that decided Pennsylvania.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"48.57%","loserName":"CLINTON","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"46.99%","netVotes":"1,957"},{"code":"42089","name":"Monroe","group":"Democratic suburban and regional hold","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"48.63%","rep":"47.86%","margin":"Clinton +0.76","role":"Northeastern narrow hold","why":"Monroe remained Democratic, but Clinton carried it by only 532 votes as northeastern Pennsylvania shifted sharply toward Trump.","effect":"The county produced almost no Democratic cushion, leaving Clinton exposed to much larger Republican gains in nearby Luzerne and other northeastern counties.","winnerName":"CLINTON","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"48.63%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"47.86%","netVotes":"532"},{"code":"42095","name":"Northampton","group":"Competitive and realigning county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"46.18%","rep":"49.98%","margin":"Trump +3.81","role":"Lehigh Valley flip","why":"Northampton switched from Obama to Trump, reversing the Democratic advantage in one of Pennsylvania's most revealing swing counties.","effect":"Trump gained 5,464 net votes here, nearly canceling Clinton's margin in neighboring Lehigh and helping turn the wider valley into a Republican advantage.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"49.98%","loserName":"CLINTON","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"46.18%","netVotes":"5,464"},{"code":"42079","name":"Luzerne","group":"Competitive and realigning county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"38.86%","rep":"58.29%","margin":"Trump +19.44","role":"Working-class realignment shock","why":"Luzerne underwent one of the most consequential political shifts in the state, moving from an Obama county to a nineteen-point Trump victory.","effect":"Trump gained 26,237 net votes here. That single northeastern margin accounted for most of his 44,292-vote statewide victory.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"58.29%","loserName":"CLINTON","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"38.86%","netVotes":"26,237"},{"code":"42069","name":"Lackawanna","group":"Democratic suburban and regional hold","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"50.25%","rep":"46.77%","margin":"Clinton +3.48","role":"Diminished Scranton anchor","why":"Lackawanna remained Democratic, but Clinton's margin around Scranton narrowed to only a few points.","effect":"Clinton gained just 3,599 net votes here, far too little to counter Trump's 26,237-vote advantage in neighboring Luzerne.","winnerName":"CLINTON","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"50.25%","loserName":"TRUMP","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"46.77%","netVotes":"3,599"},{"code":"42011","name":"Berks","group":"Competitive and realigning county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"42.85%","rep":"52.78%","margin":"Trump +9.94","role":"Large eastern Republican margin","why":"Berks combined a substantial electorate with a clear Trump advantage, connecting the Republican interior to the southeastern edge of the state.","effect":"Trump gained 18,189 net votes here, a major eastern margin that reduced the impact of Clinton's Philadelphia-suburban strength.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"52.78%","loserName":"CLINTON","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"42.85%","netVotes":"18,189"},{"code":"42133","name":"York","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"33.27%","rep":"62.40%","margin":"Trump +29.13","role":"South-central vote engine","why":"York was one of Trump's largest vote-producing counties, pairing a large electorate with a decisive Republican result.","effect":"Trump gained 60,004 net votes here—more than his entire statewide margin—from a single south-central county.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"62.40%","loserName":"CLINTON","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"33.27%","netVotes":"60,004"},{"code":"42071","name":"Lancaster","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"37.78%","rep":"57.20%","margin":"Trump +19.42","role":"Large Republican-producing county","why":"Lancaster remained strongly Republican and produced a large margin immediately beyond the Democratic Philadelphia suburbs.","effect":"Trump gained 46,821 net votes here, slightly more than his final statewide victory margin.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"57.20%","loserName":"CLINTON","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"37.78%","netVotes":"46,821"},{"code":"42129","name":"Westmoreland","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"32.78%","rep":"64.01%","margin":"Trump +31.23","role":"Pittsburgh-area counterweight","why":"Westmoreland supplied an overwhelming Republican margin directly outside heavily Democratic Allegheny County.","effect":"Trump gained 56,853 net votes here, erasing more than half of Clinton's Allegheny County advantage.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"64.01%","loserName":"CLINTON","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"32.78%","netVotes":"56,853"},{"code":"42019","name":"Butler","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"29.45%","rep":"66.37%","margin":"Trump +36.93","role":"Western exurban engine","why":"Butler combined a sizable electorate with intense Republican support north of Pittsburgh.","effect":"Trump gained 35,844 net votes here, reinforcing the red outer ring surrounding Allegheny County.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"66.37%","loserName":"CLINTON","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"29.45%","netVotes":"35,844"},{"code":"42125","name":"Washington","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"35.80%","rep":"60.51%","margin":"Trump +24.71","role":"Southwestern Republican engine","why":"Washington reflected the rightward movement of southwestern Pennsylvania outside Pittsburgh.","effect":"Trump gained 25,064 net votes here, helping the western outer counties overcome Clinton's Allegheny margin.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"60.51%","loserName":"CLINTON","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"35.80%","netVotes":"25,064"},{"code":"42041","name":"Cumberland","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"38.72%","rep":"56.80%","margin":"Trump +18.08","role":"Harrisburg suburban counterweight","why":"Cumberland delivered a substantial Republican margin immediately west of Democratic Dauphin County.","effect":"Trump gained 21,991 net votes here, almost six times Clinton's advantage in neighboring Dauphin.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"56.80%","loserName":"CLINTON","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"38.72%","netVotes":"21,991"},{"code":"42009","name":"Bedford","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"15.42%","rep":"82.72%","margin":"Trump +67.30","role":"Appalachian Republican base","why":"Bedford illustrates the extraordinary depth of Trump's support across rural and Appalachian Pennsylvania.","effect":"Trump gained 15,907 net votes here. Margins from many counties of this kind accumulated into a decisive statewide rural advantage.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"82.72%","loserName":"CLINTON","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"15.42%","netVotes":"15,907"},{"code":"42057","name":"Fulton","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"13.47%","rep":"84.09%","margin":"Trump +70.62","role":"Deepest Republican base","why":"Fulton delivered one of Trump's widest percentage margins in Pennsylvania.","effect":"Trump gained 4,782 net votes here. The county was small, but its overwhelming result typified the Republican strength of the rural interior.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"84.09%","loserName":"CLINTON","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"13.47%","netVotes":"4,782"},{"code":"42111","name":"Somerset","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"20.62%","rep":"76.54%","margin":"Trump +55.92","role":"Southwestern rural base","why":"Somerset formed part of the strongly Republican Appalachian bloc east of Pittsburgh.","effect":"Trump gained 20,003 net votes here, a substantial contribution from a relatively small rural county.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"76.54%","loserName":"CLINTON","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"20.62%","netVotes":"20,003"},{"code":"42065","name":"Jefferson","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"18.74%","rep":"78.00%","margin":"Trump +59.26","role":"Northern rural base","why":"Jefferson showed the consistency of Trump's support across the smaller counties of western and northern Pennsylvania.","effect":"Trump gained 11,542 net votes here, one of many similar margins that accumulated across the map.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"78.00%","loserName":"CLINTON","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"18.74%","netVotes":"11,542"},{"code":"42005","name":"Armstrong","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"22.70%","rep":"74.27%","margin":"Trump +51.57","role":"Western rural base","why":"Armstrong added another overwhelming Republican result in the western ring beyond Pittsburgh.","effect":"Trump gained 16,306 net votes here, reinforcing the broad red territory surrounding Allegheny County.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"74.27%","loserName":"CLINTON","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"22.70%","netVotes":"16,306"},{"code":"42021","name":"Cambria","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"29.91%","rep":"67.00%","margin":"Trump +37.09","role":"Former Democratic industrial county","why":"Cambria, centered on Johnstown, showed how far former Democratic industrial territory had moved toward the Republicans.","effect":"Trump gained 23,391 net votes here, turning a historically competitive county into a major Republican contributor.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"67.00%","loserName":"CLINTON","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"29.91%","netVotes":"23,391"},{"code":"42107","name":"Schuylkill","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"26.67%","rep":"69.99%","margin":"Trump +43.31","role":"Coal-region Republican base","why":"Schuylkill reflected the long-term Republican movement of Pennsylvania's coal-region counties.","effect":"Trump gained 27,231 net votes here, a major northeastern advantage beyond the better-known flips in Luzerne, Erie, and Northampton.","winnerName":"TRUMP","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"69.99%","loserName":"CLINTON","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"26.67%","netVotes":"27,231"}],"counties2012":[{"code":"42101","name":"Philadelphia","group":"Democratic metropolitan engine","groupColor":"#2563eb","dem":"85.29%","rep":"13.97%","margin":"Obama +71.32","role":"Largest Democratic reservoir","why":"Philadelphia supplied the overwhelming foundation of Obama's Pennsylvania victory, giving him more than five-sixths of the county vote.","effect":"Obama gained 492,339 net votes here—far more than his 309,840-vote statewide margin—allowing the coalition to absorb Republican advantages across most of the map.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"85.29%","loserName":"ROMNEY","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"13.97%","netVotes":"492,339"},{"code":"42003","name":"Allegheny","group":"Democratic metropolitan engine","groupColor":"#2563eb","dem":"56.69%","rep":"42.12%","margin":"Obama +14.57","role":"Pittsburgh anchor","why":"Allegheny remained the essential Democratic anchor in western Pennsylvania and gave Obama a decisive margin around Pittsburgh.","effect":"Obama gained 90,648 net votes here. That western reservoir countered the large Romney margins in Westmoreland, Butler, Washington, and the surrounding counties.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"56.69%","loserName":"ROMNEY","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"42.12%","netVotes":"90,648"},{"code":"42091","name":"Montgomery","group":"Democratic suburban and regional coalition","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"56.61%","rep":"42.30%","margin":"Obama +14.31","role":"Largest suburban engine","why":"Montgomery was already a major Democratic asset in the Philadelphia suburbs, combining a large electorate with a clear Obama advantage.","effect":"Obama gained 58,975 net votes here, nearly matching his margin in Delaware County and helping make southeastern Pennsylvania decisive.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"56.61%","loserName":"ROMNEY","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"42.30%","netVotes":"58,975"},{"code":"42045","name":"Delaware","group":"Democratic suburban and regional coalition","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"60.16%","rep":"38.82%","margin":"Obama +21.34","role":"Inner-suburban engine","why":"Delaware County gave Obama one of his strongest suburban performances immediately outside Philadelphia.","effect":"Obama gained 60,939 net votes here, the largest suburban margin in the state and a crucial extension of Philadelphia's Democratic advantage.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"60.16%","loserName":"ROMNEY","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"38.82%","netVotes":"60,939"},{"code":"42017","name":"Bucks","group":"Democratic suburban and regional coalition","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"50.00%","rep":"48.78%","margin":"Obama +1.23","role":"Narrow outer-suburban hold","why":"Bucks was by far the most competitive of the four major Philadelphia suburban counties, but Obama kept it narrowly Democratic.","effect":"Obama gained 3,942 net votes here. The margin was small, yet holding a large swing county denied Romney an important route through the southeast.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"50.00%","loserName":"ROMNEY","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"48.78%","netVotes":"3,942"},{"code":"42077","name":"Lehigh","group":"Democratic suburban and regional coalition","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"53.25%","rep":"45.49%","margin":"Obama +7.76","role":"Lehigh Valley anchor","why":"Lehigh gave Obama a clear Democratic margin and formed one half of a still-blue Lehigh Valley coalition.","effect":"Obama gained 11,409 net votes here. Together with Northampton, the valley contributed a meaningful Democratic advantage rather than the near tie seen in later elections.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"53.25%","loserName":"ROMNEY","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"45.49%","netVotes":"11,409"},{"code":"42043","name":"Dauphin","group":"Democratic suburban and regional coalition","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"52.39%","rep":"46.33%","margin":"Obama +6.06","role":"Harrisburg-area support","why":"Dauphin, centered on Harrisburg, was a Democratic island within an otherwise Republican south-central region.","effect":"Obama gained 7,515 net votes here, partially offsetting Romney's much larger advantage in neighboring Cumberland and nearby York and Lancaster.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"52.39%","loserName":"ROMNEY","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"46.33%","netVotes":"7,515"},{"code":"42049","name":"Erie","group":"Democratic suburban and regional coalition","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"57.36%","rep":"41.33%","margin":"Obama +16.03","role":"Northwestern Democratic anchor","why":"Erie remained a substantial Democratic county in 2012, well before its razor-thin turns in 2016, 2020, and 2024.","effect":"Obama gained 19,011 net votes here, giving his coalition an important source of support in northwestern Pennsylvania.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"57.36%","loserName":"ROMNEY","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"41.33%","netVotes":"19,011"},{"code":"42089","name":"Monroe","group":"Democratic suburban and regional coalition","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"55.98%","rep":"42.70%","margin":"Obama +13.28","role":"Northeastern growth county","why":"Monroe delivered a comfortable Obama margin as population growth and migration strengthened Democrats in the Poconos.","effect":"Obama gained 8,354 net votes here, reinforcing the broad Democratic belt that then stretched across much of northeastern Pennsylvania.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"55.98%","loserName":"ROMNEY","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"42.70%","netVotes":"8,354"},{"code":"42095","name":"Northampton","group":"Democratic suburban and regional coalition","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"51.71%","rep":"47.00%","margin":"Obama +4.71","role":"Lehigh Valley Democratic hold","why":"Northampton was still clearly Democratic in 2012, four years before it became one of Trump's pivotal Pennsylvania flips.","effect":"Obama gained 6,160 net votes here. Combined with Lehigh, it made the Lehigh Valley a net Democratic region.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"51.71%","loserName":"ROMNEY","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"47.00%","netVotes":"6,160"},{"code":"42079","name":"Luzerne","group":"Democratic suburban and regional coalition","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"51.68%","rep":"46.87%","margin":"Obama +4.81","role":"Last Democratic Luzerne victory","why":"Luzerne remained narrowly Democratic in 2012, preserving the older working-class coalition that would break sharply four years later.","effect":"Obama gained 5,982 net votes here. In 2016 the same county would instead give Trump a 26,237-vote margin, making this a crucial baseline.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"51.68%","loserName":"ROMNEY","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"46.87%","netVotes":"5,982"},{"code":"42069","name":"Lackawanna","group":"Democratic suburban and regional coalition","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"63.09%","rep":"35.80%","margin":"Obama +27.29","role":"Scranton-area stronghold","why":"Lackawanna was still a commanding Democratic stronghold around Scranton, rather than the closely divided county it later became.","effect":"Obama gained 26,753 net votes here, one of his largest margins outside the Philadelphia and Pittsburgh metropolitan cores.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"63.09%","loserName":"ROMNEY","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"35.80%","netVotes":"26,753"},{"code":"42029","name":"Chester","group":"Competitive and early realignment county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"49.34%","rep":"49.54%","margin":"Romney +0.21","role":"Suburban Republican flip","why":"Chester moved from Obama in 2008 to Romney in 2012, but the county was separated by only 529 votes.","effect":"Romney's tiny advantage added little to his statewide total, yet the flip shows that the affluent suburban realignment toward Democrats had not yet fully arrived.","winnerName":"ROMNEY","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"49.54%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"49.34%","netVotes":"529"},{"code":"42027","name":"Centre","group":"Competitive and early realignment county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"49.09%","rep":"48.83%","margin":"Obama +0.25","role":"Near-perfect college-county tie","why":"Centre was effectively tied: Obama carried the Penn State county by only 175 votes.","effect":"The raw Democratic contribution was negligible, but the result preserved a small blue island in central Pennsylvania.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"49.09%","loserName":"ROMNEY","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"48.83%","netVotes":"175"},{"code":"42011","name":"Berks","group":"Competitive and early realignment county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"48.74%","rep":"49.73%","margin":"Romney +0.99","role":"Eastern flip to Romney","why":"Berks moved from Obama in 2008 to Romney in 2012, signaling an early rightward turn in a large eastern county.","effect":"Romney gained 1,691 net votes here. The margin was modest in 2012 but would expand dramatically in later elections.","winnerName":"ROMNEY","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"49.73%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"48.74%","netVotes":"1,691"},{"code":"42021","name":"Cambria","group":"Competitive and early realignment county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"40.06%","rep":"58.10%","margin":"Romney +18.03","role":"Industrial realignment begins","why":"Cambria, centered on Johnstown, flipped from Obama to Romney and showed the weakening of the older Democratic industrial coalition.","effect":"Romney gained 10,914 net votes here. The shift was already substantial, though still far smaller than the Republican margins Cambria would produce later.","winnerName":"ROMNEY","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"58.10%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"40.06%","netVotes":"10,914"},{"code":"42133","name":"York","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"38.68%","rep":"59.88%","margin":"Romney +21.20","role":"South-central vote engine","why":"York paired a large electorate with a decisive Romney result, making it one of the Republican coalition's strongest raw-vote producers.","effect":"Romney gained 40,113 net votes here, one of the largest county margins available to him outside the Pittsburgh region.","winnerName":"ROMNEY","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"59.88%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"38.68%","netVotes":"40,113"},{"code":"42071","name":"Lancaster","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"39.78%","rep":"58.74%","margin":"Romney +18.97","role":"Large southeastern counterweight","why":"Lancaster remained a populous Republican stronghold just beyond the Philadelphia suburban counties.","effect":"Romney gained 42,188 net votes here, his largest margin among the major south-central and southeastern counterweights.","winnerName":"ROMNEY","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"58.74%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"39.78%","netVotes":"42,188"},{"code":"42129","name":"Westmoreland","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"37.58%","rep":"61.29%","margin":"Romney +23.71","role":"Pittsburgh-area counterweight","why":"Westmoreland delivered a major Republican margin directly beside heavily Democratic Allegheny County.","effect":"Romney gained 40,210 net votes here, erasing nearly half of Obama's Allegheny advantage before the rest of western Pennsylvania was counted.","winnerName":"ROMNEY","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"61.29%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"37.58%","netVotes":"40,210"},{"code":"42019","name":"Butler","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"31.92%","rep":"66.81%","margin":"Romney +34.89","role":"Western exurban engine","why":"Butler combined a sizable electorate with intense Republican support north of Pittsburgh.","effect":"Romney gained 31,211 net votes here, reinforcing the Republican outer ring around Allegheny County.","winnerName":"ROMNEY","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"66.81%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"31.92%","netVotes":"31,211"},{"code":"42125","name":"Washington","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"42.58%","rep":"56.18%","margin":"Romney +13.60","role":"Southwestern Republican advantage","why":"Washington was already Republican by double digits, though it had not yet reached the much larger margins seen in later elections.","effect":"Romney gained 12,885 net votes here, adding another counterweight to Obama's Pittsburgh-area advantage.","winnerName":"ROMNEY","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"56.18%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"42.58%","netVotes":"12,885"},{"code":"42041","name":"Cumberland","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"40.04%","rep":"58.48%","margin":"Romney +18.45","role":"Harrisburg suburban counterweight","why":"Cumberland gave Romney a substantial margin immediately west of Democratic Dauphin County.","effect":"Romney gained 20,442 net votes here, more than twice Obama's advantage in neighboring Dauphin.","winnerName":"ROMNEY","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"58.48%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"40.04%","netVotes":"20,442"},{"code":"42009","name":"Bedford","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"22.07%","rep":"76.98%","margin":"Romney +54.91","role":"Appalachian Republican base","why":"Bedford illustrates the depth of Republican support across rural and Appalachian Pennsylvania in 2012.","effect":"Romney gained 11,914 net votes here. The county was small, but margins like this accumulated across most of the state.","winnerName":"ROMNEY","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"76.98%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"22.07%","netVotes":"11,914"},{"code":"42057","name":"Fulton","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"21.15%","rep":"77.71%","margin":"Romney +56.56","role":"Deepest Republican base","why":"Fulton gave Romney one of Pennsylvania's widest percentage margins.","effect":"Romney gained 3,504 net votes here. Its raw contribution was limited, but the result typified the overwhelming Republican percentages of the rural interior.","winnerName":"ROMNEY","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"77.71%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"21.15%","netVotes":"3,504"},{"code":"42111","name":"Somerset","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"27.80%","rep":"70.66%","margin":"Romney +42.86","role":"Southwestern rural base","why":"Somerset formed part of the strongly Republican Appalachian bloc east of Pittsburgh.","effect":"Romney gained 14,548 net votes here, a substantial rural contribution to the western Republican coalition.","winnerName":"ROMNEY","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"70.66%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"27.80%","netVotes":"14,548"},{"code":"42065","name":"Jefferson","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"26.45%","rep":"72.10%","margin":"Romney +45.65","role":"Northern rural base","why":"Jefferson showed the consistency of Republican strength across the smaller counties of western and northern Pennsylvania.","effect":"Romney gained 8,261 net votes here, one of many rural margins that collectively narrowed Obama's statewide advantage.","winnerName":"ROMNEY","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"72.10%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"26.45%","netVotes":"8,261"},{"code":"42005","name":"Armstrong","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"30.56%","rep":"68.04%","margin":"Romney +37.49","role":"Western rural base","why":"Armstrong supplied another overwhelming Republican result in the wider territory surrounding Pittsburgh.","effect":"Romney gained 11,097 net votes here, reinforcing the red outer region beyond Allegheny County.","winnerName":"ROMNEY","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"68.04%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"30.56%","netVotes":"11,097"},{"code":"42107","name":"Schuylkill","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"42.52%","rep":"55.91%","margin":"Romney +13.39","role":"Coal-region Republican base","why":"Schuylkill was already firmly Republican in the coal region, though later elections would move it much further right.","effect":"Romney gained 7,732 net votes here, adding to the northeastern and interior Republican total.","winnerName":"ROMNEY","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"55.91%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"42.52%","netVotes":"7,732"}],"counties2008":[{"code":"42101","name":"Philadelphia","group":"Democratic metropolitan engine","groupColor":"#2563eb","dem":"83.10%","rep":"16.35%","margin":"Obama +66.76","role":"Largest Democratic reservoir","why":"Philadelphia was the foundation of Obama’s Pennsylvania victory. He won more than four out of five votes in the city and generated the largest county margin in the state.","effect":"Obama gained 478,759 net votes here—more than three quarters of his final statewide margin.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"83.10%","loserName":"MCCAIN","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"16.35%","netVotes":"478,759"},{"code":"42003","name":"Allegheny","group":"Democratic metropolitan engine","groupColor":"#2563eb","dem":"57.29%","rep":"41.81%","margin":"Obama +15.48","role":"Pittsburgh anchor","why":"Allegheny was the only Democratic county in southwestern Pennsylvania and the indispensable western anchor of Obama’s coalition.","effect":"Obama gained 100,806 net votes here, enough to withstand the Republican advantages in every surrounding featured county.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"57.29%","loserName":"MCCAIN","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"41.81%","netVotes":"100,806"},{"code":"42091","name":"Montgomery","group":"Broad Democratic suburban and regional coalition","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"59.99%","rep":"39.19%","margin":"Obama +20.80","role":"Largest suburban engine","why":"Montgomery combined a huge electorate with a nearly twenty-one-point Democratic margin, making it the strongest suburban component of the coalition.","effect":"Obama gained 87,841 net votes here, his largest county margin outside Philadelphia and Allegheny.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"59.99%","loserName":"MCCAIN","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"39.19%","netVotes":"87,841"},{"code":"42045","name":"Delaware","group":"Broad Democratic suburban and regional coalition","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"60.14%","rep":"38.89%","margin":"Obama +21.24","role":"Inner-suburban engine","why":"Delaware County gave Obama a three-to-two victory immediately outside Philadelphia and confirmed the strength of the inner suburban coalition.","effect":"Obama gained 63,597 net votes here, another enormous southeastern margin that McCain could not replace elsewhere.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"60.14%","loserName":"MCCAIN","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"38.89%","netVotes":"63,597"},{"code":"42017","name":"Bucks","group":"Broad Democratic suburban and regional coalition","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"53.78%","rep":"45.13%","margin":"Obama +8.65","role":"Outer-suburban support","why":"Bucks was the most competitive major Philadelphia suburban county, but Obama still carried it clearly.","effect":"Obama gained 28,783 net votes here, giving the suburban ring breadth as well as strength in Montgomery and Delaware.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"53.78%","loserName":"MCCAIN","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"45.13%","netVotes":"28,783"},{"code":"42077","name":"Lehigh","group":"Broad Democratic suburban and regional coalition","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"57.12%","rep":"41.57%","margin":"Obama +15.55","role":"Lehigh Valley anchor","why":"Lehigh delivered a decisive Democratic margin around Allentown and formed one half of a strongly Democratic Lehigh Valley.","effect":"Obama gained 23,707 net votes here; with Northampton, the valley supplied more than 40,000 net Democratic votes.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"57.12%","loserName":"MCCAIN","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"41.57%","netVotes":"23,707"},{"code":"42043","name":"Dauphin","group":"Broad Democratic suburban and regional coalition","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"54.02%","rep":"44.96%","margin":"Obama +9.06","role":"Harrisburg-area breakthrough","why":"Dauphin flipped from Bush to Obama as Harrisburg and its close-in communities moved the county into the Democratic column.","effect":"Obama gained 11,737 net votes here, partially offsetting McCain’s margins in Cumberland, York, and Lancaster.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"54.02%","loserName":"MCCAIN","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"44.96%","netVotes":"11,737"},{"code":"42049","name":"Erie","group":"Broad Democratic suburban and regional coalition","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"59.37%","rep":"39.45%","margin":"Obama +19.92","role":"Northwestern Democratic anchor","why":"Erie remained a major Democratic industrial county and gave Obama one of his strongest regional performances.","effect":"Obama gained 25,424 net votes here, a substantial northwestern contribution to the statewide margin.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"59.37%","loserName":"MCCAIN","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"39.45%","netVotes":"25,424"},{"code":"42089","name":"Monroe","group":"Broad Democratic suburban and regional coalition","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"57.69%","rep":"41.37%","margin":"Obama +16.32","role":"Pocono breakthrough","why":"Monroe flipped from Bush to Obama and became a major Democratic source in the growing Poconos.","effect":"Obama gained 11,160 net votes here, turning a former Republican county into a meaningful northeastern advantage.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"57.69%","loserName":"MCCAIN","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"41.37%","netVotes":"11,160"},{"code":"42095","name":"Northampton","group":"Broad Democratic suburban and regional coalition","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"55.51%","rep":"43.19%","margin":"Obama +12.32","role":"Lehigh Valley support","why":"Northampton joined Lehigh in giving Obama a broad and decisive regional victory.","effect":"Obama gained 16,704 net votes here, making the combined Lehigh Valley one of the coalition’s important regional engines.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"55.51%","loserName":"MCCAIN","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"43.19%","netVotes":"16,704"},{"code":"42079","name":"Luzerne","group":"Broad Democratic suburban and regional coalition","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"53.63%","rep":"45.22%","margin":"Obama +8.41","role":"Industrial Democratic hold","why":"Luzerne was still part of the Democratic industrial coalition and gave Obama a clear victory around Wilkes-Barre.","effect":"Obama gained 11,365 net votes here. The county’s later Republican realignment had not yet begun to dominate the statewide story.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"53.63%","loserName":"MCCAIN","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"45.22%","netVotes":"11,365"},{"code":"42069","name":"Lackawanna","group":"Broad Democratic suburban and regional coalition","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"62.60%","rep":"36.61%","margin":"Obama +25.99","role":"Scranton-area stronghold","why":"Lackawanna was an overwhelming Democratic stronghold around Scranton and one of Obama’s best counties by margin.","effect":"Obama gained 28,032 net votes here, his largest northeastern county advantage.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"62.60%","loserName":"MCCAIN","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"36.61%","netVotes":"28,032"},{"code":"42029","name":"Chester","group":"Democratic breakthrough and pivot county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"54.20%","rep":"44.99%","margin":"Obama +9.21","role":"Suburban Democratic flip","why":"Chester moved from Bush in 2004 to Obama in 2008, marking an important breakthrough in the affluent outer suburbs.","effect":"Obama gained 23,412 net votes here. The flip was an early stage of the county’s longer movement toward the Democrats.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"54.20%","loserName":"MCCAIN","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"44.99%","netVotes":"23,412"},{"code":"42027","name":"Centre","group":"Democratic breakthrough and pivot county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"55.39%","rep":"43.56%","margin":"Obama +11.83","role":"College-county flip","why":"Centre flipped from Bush to Obama as the Penn State-centered county became a clear Democratic island in central Pennsylvania.","effect":"Obama gained 8,958 net votes here, a significant margin from territory otherwise dominated by Republicans.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"55.39%","loserName":"MCCAIN","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"43.56%","netVotes":"8,958"},{"code":"42011","name":"Berks","group":"Democratic breakthrough and pivot county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"53.95%","rep":"44.76%","margin":"Obama +9.19","role":"Eastern Democratic flip","why":"Berks moved from Bush to Obama and gave Democrats a strong margin around Reading.","effect":"Obama gained 16,534 net votes here. This would prove to be a high-water mark before the county moved back toward Republicans.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"53.95%","loserName":"MCCAIN","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"44.76%","netVotes":"16,534"},{"code":"42021","name":"Cambria","group":"Democratic breakthrough and pivot county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"49.45%","rep":"48.76%","margin":"Obama +0.69","role":"Narrow industrial flip","why":"Cambria flipped from Bush to Obama by only 456 votes, preserving a trace of the older Democratic industrial coalition around Johnstown.","effect":"The raw Democratic contribution was tiny, but the result is historically revealing because the county would soon move sharply Republican.","winnerName":"OBAMA","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"49.45%","loserName":"MCCAIN","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"48.76%","netVotes":"456"},{"code":"42133","name":"York","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"42.66%","rep":"56.27%","margin":"McCain +13.61","role":"South-central vote engine","why":"York remained a large Republican-producing county, although Obama substantially reduced the party’s traditional advantage there.","effect":"McCain gained 26,429 net votes here, one of his largest county margins in south-central Pennsylvania.","winnerName":"MCCAIN","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"56.27%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"42.66%","netVotes":"26,429"},{"code":"42071","name":"Lancaster","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"43.66%","rep":"55.49%","margin":"McCain +11.83","role":"Large southeastern counterweight","why":"Lancaster remained Republican, but Obama’s improved performance held McCain’s margin far below the levels Bush had achieved.","effect":"McCain gained 26,982 net votes here, a major counterweight just beyond the Democratic Philadelphia suburbs.","winnerName":"MCCAIN","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"55.49%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"43.66%","netVotes":"26,982"},{"code":"42129","name":"Westmoreland","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"41.14%","rep":"57.86%","margin":"McCain +16.73","role":"Pittsburgh-area counterweight","why":"Westmoreland supplied the largest Republican margin immediately outside Allegheny County.","effect":"McCain gained 29,573 net votes here, erasing a substantial share of Obama’s Pittsburgh-area advantage.","winnerName":"MCCAIN","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"57.86%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"41.14%","netVotes":"29,573"},{"code":"42019","name":"Butler","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"35.70%","rep":"63.17%","margin":"McCain +27.46","role":"Western Republican engine","why":"Butler combined a sizable electorate with a decisive Republican result north of Pittsburgh.","effect":"McCain gained 24,814 net votes here, reinforcing the western outer ring around Allegheny.","winnerName":"MCCAIN","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"63.17%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"35.70%","netVotes":"24,814"},{"code":"42125","name":"Washington","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"47.06%","rep":"51.79%","margin":"McCain +4.72","role":"Southwestern Republican flip","why":"Washington moved from Kerry in 2004 to McCain in 2008, even as Pennsylvania shifted strongly toward Obama statewide.","effect":"McCain gained 4,630 net votes here. The flip signaled an emerging Appalachian realignment that would accelerate in later elections.","winnerName":"MCCAIN","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"51.79%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"47.06%","netVotes":"4,630"},{"code":"42041","name":"Cumberland","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"42.64%","rep":"56.26%","margin":"McCain +13.62","role":"Harrisburg suburban counterweight","why":"Cumberland remained a substantial Republican county immediately west of Democratic Dauphin.","effect":"McCain gained 15,433 net votes here, more than offsetting Obama’s 11,737-vote advantage in neighboring Dauphin.","winnerName":"MCCAIN","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"56.26%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"42.64%","netVotes":"15,433"},{"code":"42009","name":"Bedford","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"27.00%","rep":"71.85%","margin":"McCain +44.85","role":"Appalachian Republican base","why":"Bedford illustrates the deep Republican percentages across rural and Appalachian Pennsylvania even in a strong Democratic year.","effect":"McCain gained 10,065 net votes here, one of many rural margins that narrowed Obama’s metropolitan advantage.","winnerName":"MCCAIN","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"71.85%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"27.00%","netVotes":"10,065"},{"code":"42057","name":"Fulton","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"24.99%","rep":"73.61%","margin":"McCain +48.62","role":"Deepest Republican base","why":"Fulton gave McCain the widest percentage margin among the featured Pennsylvania counties.","effect":"McCain gained 3,066 net votes here. The raw total was small, but the result typified the rural interior.","winnerName":"MCCAIN","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"73.61%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"24.99%","netVotes":"3,066"},{"code":"42111","name":"Somerset","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"36.62%","rep":"61.67%","margin":"McCain +25.05","role":"Southwestern rural base","why":"Somerset remained part of the strongly Republican Appalachian territory east of Pittsburgh.","effect":"McCain gained 8,808 net votes here, adding to the Republican western and rural coalition.","winnerName":"MCCAIN","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"61.67%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"36.62%","netVotes":"8,808"},{"code":"42065","name":"Jefferson","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"34.29%","rep":"64.13%","margin":"McCain +29.84","role":"Northern rural base","why":"Jefferson showed the durable Republican strength of smaller western and northern counties.","effect":"McCain gained 5,610 net votes here, another piece of the broad rural map that could not overcome the larger Democratic counties.","winnerName":"MCCAIN","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"64.13%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"34.29%","netVotes":"5,610"},{"code":"42005","name":"Armstrong","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"37.04%","rep":"61.66%","margin":"McCain +24.62","role":"Western rural base","why":"Armstrong added a clear Republican result in the wider region surrounding Pittsburgh.","effect":"McCain gained 7,404 net votes here, reinforcing the Republican territory beyond Allegheny County.","winnerName":"MCCAIN","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"61.66%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"37.04%","netVotes":"7,404"},{"code":"42107","name":"Schuylkill","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"44.88%","rep":"53.55%","margin":"McCain +8.67","role":"Coal-region Republican base","why":"Schuylkill remained Republican in the coal region, though the margin was far smaller than it would become in later elections.","effect":"McCain gained 5,467 net votes here, a modest northeastern counterweight to Obama’s large regional wins.","winnerName":"MCCAIN","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"53.55%","loserName":"OBAMA","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"44.88%","netVotes":"5,467"}],"counties2004":[{"code":"42101","name":"Philadelphia","group":"Democratic metropolitan engine","groupColor":"#2563eb","dem":"80.44%","rep":"19.30%","margin":"Kerry +61.14","role":"Largest Democratic reservoir","why":"Philadelphia remained overwhelmingly Democratic and supplied Kerry with more than four-fifths of its presidential vote.","effect":"Kerry gained 412,106 net votes here—nearly three times his statewide margin. Philadelphia was the indispensable foundation of the victory.","winnerName":"KERRY","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"80.44%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"19.30%","netVotes":"412,106"},{"code":"42003","name":"Allegheny","group":"Democratic metropolitan engine","groupColor":"#2563eb","dem":"57.15%","rep":"42.13%","margin":"Kerry +15.03","role":"Pittsburgh anchor","why":"Allegheny kept western Pennsylvania competitive by giving Kerry a decisive margin centered on Pittsburgh.","effect":"Kerry gained 96,987 net votes in Allegheny, offsetting the Republican counties surrounding Pittsburgh.","winnerName":"KERRY","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"57.15%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"42.13%","netVotes":"96,987"},{"code":"42091","name":"Montgomery","group":"Democratic suburban and regional support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"55.57%","rep":"43.98%","margin":"Kerry +11.59","role":"Largest suburban anchor","why":"Montgomery was already a major Democratic suburban county, although its margin was far smaller than it would become later.","effect":"Kerry gained 46,307 net votes here, making Montgomery one of the central suburban pillars of the statewide coalition.","winnerName":"KERRY","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"55.57%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"43.98%","netVotes":"46,307"},{"code":"42045","name":"Delaware","group":"Democratic suburban and regional support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"57.15%","rep":"42.32%","margin":"Kerry +14.82","role":"Inner-suburban anchor","why":"Delaware County delivered a strong Democratic margin immediately outside Philadelphia.","effect":"Its 42,176-vote Kerry margin strengthened the southeastern advantage beyond Philadelphia itself.","winnerName":"KERRY","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"57.15%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"42.32%","netVotes":"42,176"},{"code":"42017","name":"Bucks","group":"Democratic suburban and regional support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"51.10%","rep":"48.30%","margin":"Kerry +2.80","role":"Competitive suburban hold","why":"Bucks remained the most closely divided large Philadelphia suburban county, but Kerry held it by nearly nine thousand votes.","effect":"Kerry gained 8,969 net votes in Bucks. The margin was small relative to the county's size but preserved the statewide edge.","winnerName":"KERRY","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"51.10%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"48.30%","netVotes":"8,969"},{"code":"42077","name":"Lehigh","group":"Democratic suburban and regional support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"50.96%","rep":"48.36%","margin":"Kerry +2.61","role":"Narrow Lehigh Valley hold","why":"Lehigh narrowly supported Kerry, preserving a Democratic foothold in the Lehigh Valley.","effect":"Kerry gained 3,780 net votes here, a modest contribution in a region divided almost evenly between the parties.","winnerName":"KERRY","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"50.96%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"48.36%","netVotes":"3,780"},{"code":"42049","name":"Erie","group":"Democratic suburban and regional support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"53.95%","rep":"45.57%","margin":"Kerry +8.38","role":"Northwestern industrial anchor","why":"Erie remained a meaningful Democratic industrial anchor in northwestern Pennsylvania.","effect":"Kerry gained 10,549 net votes in Erie, adding an important western margin beyond Pittsburgh.","winnerName":"KERRY","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"53.95%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"45.57%","netVotes":"10,549"},{"code":"42095","name":"Northampton","group":"Democratic suburban and regional support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"50.06%","rep":"49.00%","margin":"Kerry +1.06","role":"Lehigh Valley edge","why":"Northampton gave Kerry only a narrow advantage, showing how competitive the Lehigh Valley already was.","effect":"Kerry gained only 1,344 net votes here, showing how little room Democrats had in this pivotal county.","winnerName":"KERRY","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"50.06%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"49.00%","netVotes":"1,344"},{"code":"42079","name":"Luzerne","group":"Democratic suburban and regional support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"51.15%","rep":"47.75%","margin":"Kerry +3.40","role":"Northeastern Democratic hold","why":"Luzerne was still part of the Democratic northeastern coalition, though its margin was already modest.","effect":"Kerry gained 4,620 net votes here. Later Republican movement in Luzerne would fundamentally alter Pennsylvania's map.","winnerName":"KERRY","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"51.15%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"47.75%","netVotes":"4,620"},{"code":"42069","name":"Lackawanna","group":"Democratic suburban and regional support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"56.30%","rep":"42.30%","margin":"Kerry +13.99","role":"Scranton-area anchor","why":"Lackawanna remained a comfortable Democratic county and the strongest anchor in northeastern Pennsylvania.","effect":"Kerry gained 14,807 net votes in Lackawanna, the largest Democratic margin in the northeastern region.","winnerName":"KERRY","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"56.30%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"42.30%","netVotes":"14,807"},{"code":"42125","name":"Washington","group":"Democratic suburban and regional support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"50.14%","rep":"49.57%","margin":"Kerry +0.57","role":"Southwestern Democratic hold","why":"Washington stayed Democratic by only 552 votes, revealing how fragile the old southwestern coalition had become.","effect":"Kerry gained just 552 net votes here. Washington would flip Republican in 2008.","winnerName":"KERRY","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"50.14%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"49.57%","netVotes":"552"},{"code":"42029","name":"Chester","group":"Competitive and transitional county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"47.53%","rep":"52.00%","margin":"Bush +4.47","role":"Republican suburban hold","why":"Chester remained Republican in 2004, before its later transformation into a major Democratic suburban asset.","effect":"Bush gained 10,328 net votes here, limiting the Democratic advantage across the wider Philadelphia region.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"52.00%","loserName":"KERRY","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"47.53%","netVotes":"10,328"},{"code":"42027","name":"Centre","group":"Competitive and transitional county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"47.83%","rep":"51.57%","margin":"Bush +3.74","role":"College-region Republican edge","why":"Centre was still narrowly Republican despite the growing influence of State College and Penn State.","effect":"Bush gained 2,400 net votes here. Centre would narrowly enter the Democratic column four years later.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"51.57%","loserName":"KERRY","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"47.83%","netVotes":"2,400"},{"code":"42011","name":"Berks","group":"Competitive and transitional county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"46.39%","rep":"52.97%","margin":"Bush +6.57","role":"Large eastern Republican edge","why":"Berks combined a large electorate with a modest Bush margin between the Philadelphia suburbs and the Republican interior.","effect":"Bush gained 10,813 net votes here, one of the more important Republican margins in eastern Pennsylvania.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"52.97%","loserName":"KERRY","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"46.39%","netVotes":"10,813"},{"code":"42021","name":"Cambria","group":"Competitive and transitional county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"48.66%","rep":"50.83%","margin":"Bush +2.18","role":"Industrial-county Republican flip","why":"Cambria moved from Gore in 2000 to Bush in 2004, an early break in the old Democratic industrial coalition.","effect":"Bush gained 1,457 net votes and flipped Cambria from 2000, foreshadowing the later industrial realignment.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"50.83%","loserName":"KERRY","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"48.66%","netVotes":"1,457"},{"code":"42089","name":"Monroe","group":"Competitive and transitional county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"49.64%","rep":"49.65%","margin":"Bush +0.01","role":"Four-vote electoral pivot","why":"Monroe was essentially tied: Bush carried the county by just four votes.","effect":"The four-vote Bush margin had almost no raw effect, but it made Monroe the clearest electoral pivot in the state.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"49.65%","loserName":"KERRY","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"49.64%","netVotes":"4"},{"code":"42043","name":"Dauphin","group":"Competitive and transitional county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"45.62%","rep":"53.87%","margin":"Bush +8.25","role":"Harrisburg-area Republican edge","why":"Dauphin still leaned Republican around Harrisburg, before moving into the Democratic column in 2008.","effect":"Bush gained 9,997 net votes here. Dauphin would reverse direction and vote Democratic in 2008.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"53.87%","loserName":"KERRY","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"45.62%","netVotes":"9,997"},{"code":"42133","name":"York","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"35.53%","rep":"63.74%","margin":"Bush +28.21","role":"South-central vote engine","why":"York paired a large electorate with an overwhelming Republican result in south-central Pennsylvania.","effect":"Bush gained 50,569 net votes in York, his second-largest featured-county margin.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"63.74%","loserName":"KERRY","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"35.53%","netVotes":"50,569"},{"code":"42071","name":"Lancaster","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"33.59%","rep":"65.80%","margin":"Bush +32.21","role":"Largest southeastern counterweight","why":"Lancaster generated Bush's largest featured-county margin outside the rural base.","effect":"Bush gained 71,263 net votes here, the largest Republican counterweight among Pennsylvania's populous counties.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"65.80%","loserName":"KERRY","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"33.59%","netVotes":"71,263"},{"code":"42129","name":"Westmoreland","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"43.52%","rep":"56.01%","margin":"Bush +12.49","role":"Pittsburgh-area counterweight","why":"Westmoreland supplied a major Republican margin directly outside Democratic Allegheny County.","effect":"Bush gained 22,313 net votes here, erasing a significant portion of Kerry's Allegheny advantage.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"56.01%","loserName":"KERRY","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"43.52%","netVotes":"22,313"},{"code":"42019","name":"Butler","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"35.22%","rep":"64.34%","margin":"Bush +29.11","role":"Western Republican engine","why":"Butler was both sizable and deeply Republican, reinforcing the outer ring north of Pittsburgh.","effect":"Bush gained 24,869 net votes in Butler, reinforcing the Republican western ring.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"64.34%","loserName":"KERRY","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"35.22%","netVotes":"24,869"},{"code":"42041","name":"Cumberland","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"35.75%","rep":"63.77%","margin":"Bush +28.02","role":"Harrisburg suburban counterweight","why":"Cumberland produced a large Republican margin immediately across the Susquehanna from Dauphin.","effect":"Bush gained 29,720 net votes here, one of the state's largest suburban Republican margins.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"63.77%","loserName":"KERRY","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"35.75%","netVotes":"29,720"},{"code":"42009","name":"Bedford","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"26.53%","rep":"73.22%","margin":"Bush +46.70","role":"Appalachian Republican base","why":"Bedford exemplified the deep Republican strength of Appalachian and rural Pennsylvania.","effect":"Bush gained 10,590 net votes in Bedford, one of many rural margins that accumulated across the state.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"73.22%","loserName":"KERRY","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"26.53%","netVotes":"10,590"},{"code":"42057","name":"Fulton","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"23.52%","rep":"76.10%","margin":"Bush +52.58","role":"Deepest Republican base","why":"Fulton gave Bush the widest percentage margin among the featured counties.","effect":"Bush gained 3,297 net votes here. The raw margin was small, but the percentage showed the depth of the Republican base.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"76.10%","loserName":"KERRY","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"23.52%","netVotes":"3,297"},{"code":"42111","name":"Somerset","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"34.92%","rep":"64.72%","margin":"Bush +29.80","role":"Southwestern rural base","why":"Somerset remained a reliable Republican county in the Appalachian southwest.","effect":"Bush gained 10,960 net votes in Somerset, adding to the Republican advantage outside the major metropolitan counties.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"64.72%","loserName":"KERRY","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"34.92%","netVotes":"10,960"},{"code":"42065","name":"Jefferson","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"31.05%","rep":"68.36%","margin":"Bush +37.31","role":"Northern rural base","why":"Jefferson showed the durable Republican strength of smaller western and northern counties.","effect":"Bush gained 7,298 net votes here, another contribution from the rural western coalition.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"68.36%","loserName":"KERRY","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"31.05%","netVotes":"7,298"},{"code":"42005","name":"Armstrong","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"38.67%","rep":"60.86%","margin":"Bush +22.19","role":"Western rural base","why":"Armstrong added another substantial Republican margin in the wider Pittsburgh region.","effect":"Bush gained 6,900 net votes in Armstrong, reinforcing the Republican territory around Allegheny County.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"60.86%","loserName":"KERRY","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"38.67%","netVotes":"6,900"},{"code":"42107","name":"Schuylkill","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"44.79%","rep":"54.60%","margin":"Bush +9.82","role":"Coal-region Republican base","why":"Schuylkill remained Republican in the coal region, although its margin was much smaller than in later elections.","effect":"Bush gained 6,409 net votes here, a meaningful coal-region counterweight to the Democratic northeast.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"54.60%","loserName":"KERRY","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"44.79%","netVotes":"6,409"}],"counties2000":[{"code":"42101","name":"Philadelphia","group":"Democratic metropolitan engine","groupColor":"#2563eb","dem":"80.04%","rep":"17.99%","margin":"Gore +62.05","role":"Largest Democratic reservoir","why":"Philadelphia supplied the overwhelming core of Gore's Pennsylvania coalition, giving him more than four times Bush's vote in the county.","effect":"Gore gained 348,223 net votes in Philadelphia—far larger than his 204,840-vote statewide margin.","winnerName":"GORE","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"80.04%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"17.99%","netVotes":"348,223"},{"code":"42003","name":"Allegheny","group":"Democratic metropolitan engine","groupColor":"#2563eb","dem":"56.65%","rep":"40.41%","margin":"Gore +16.24","role":"Pittsburgh metropolitan anchor","why":"Allegheny remained the principal Democratic anchor in western Pennsylvania, although Gore's margin was smaller than Clinton's had been four years earlier.","effect":"Its 94,602-vote Gore margin offset the Republican counties surrounding Pittsburgh and kept western Pennsylvania competitive.","winnerName":"GORE","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"56.65%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"40.41%","netVotes":"94,602"},{"code":"42091","name":"Montgomery","group":"Democratic suburban and industrial support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"53.54%","rep":"43.81%","margin":"Gore +9.74","role":"Philadelphia suburban engine","why":"Montgomery was already moving away from its older Republican identity and gave Gore a substantial suburban margin.","effect":"Gore gained 32,367 net votes here, the largest suburban contribution to his statewide victory.","winnerName":"GORE","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"53.54%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"43.81%","netVotes":"32,367"},{"code":"42045","name":"Delaware","group":"Democratic suburban and industrial support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"54.36%","rep":"42.66%","margin":"Gore +11.70","role":"Inner-suburban Democratic breakthrough","why":"Delaware County voted decisively Democratic even though Republicans still held many offices in the suburban southeast.","effect":"Its 29,025-vote Gore margin joined Montgomery and Bucks to create a powerful ring around Philadelphia.","winnerName":"GORE","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"54.36%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"42.66%","netVotes":"29,025"},{"code":"42017","name":"Bucks","group":"Democratic suburban and industrial support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"50.46%","rep":"46.29%","margin":"Gore +4.17","role":"Competitive suburban hold","why":"Bucks was the most closely divided large Philadelphia suburban county, but Gore held it by the same 4.17-point margin by which he won Pennsylvania.","effect":"The 10,987-vote Gore advantage was modest, but losing Bucks would have erased a meaningful share of his statewide cushion.","winnerName":"GORE","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"50.46%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"46.29%","netVotes":"10,987"},{"code":"42069","name":"Lackawanna","group":"Democratic suburban and industrial support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"59.63%","rep":"36.41%","margin":"Gore +23.22","role":"Northeastern Democratic anchor","why":"Lackawanna, centered on Scranton, remained one of the strongest Democratic counties outside Philadelphia.","effect":"Gore gained 22,375 net votes here, helping anchor a still-Democratic northeastern coalition.","winnerName":"GORE","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"59.63%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"36.41%","netVotes":"22,375"},{"code":"42077","name":"Lehigh","group":"Democratic suburban and industrial support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"48.73%","rep":"47.72%","margin":"Gore +1.01","role":"Narrow Lehigh Valley hold","why":"Lehigh was almost evenly divided, with third-party voting leaving both major candidates below fifty percent.","effect":"Gore's 1,175-vote margin mattered because neighboring Northampton added a clearer Democratic advantage.","winnerName":"GORE","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"48.73%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"47.72%","netVotes":"1,175"},{"code":"42095","name":"Northampton","group":"Democratic suburban and industrial support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"50.72%","rep":"45.27%","margin":"Gore +5.45","role":"Lehigh Valley Democratic support","why":"Northampton gave Gore a solid margin in a region that would become one of Pennsylvania's most important electoral pivots.","effect":"Its 5,701-vote Gore advantage reinforced the narrow Democratic hold in neighboring Lehigh.","winnerName":"GORE","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"50.72%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"45.27%","netVotes":"5,701"},{"code":"42049","name":"Erie","group":"Democratic suburban and industrial support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"52.88%","rep":"43.64%","margin":"Gore +9.23","role":"Northwestern Democratic anchor","why":"Erie remained a dependable part of the Democratic industrial coalition at the turn of the century.","effect":"Gore gained 10,372 net votes here, one of the larger Democratic margins outside the two major metropolitan counties.","winnerName":"GORE","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"52.88%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"43.64%","netVotes":"10,372"},{"code":"42079","name":"Luzerne","group":"Democratic suburban and industrial support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"52.01%","rep":"43.76%","margin":"Gore +8.25","role":"Coal-region Democratic support","why":"Luzerne was still clearly Democratic, long before its dramatic movement toward Republicans in the 2010s.","effect":"Its 9,871-vote Gore margin helped connect the Scranton area to the broader northeastern Democratic bloc.","winnerName":"GORE","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"52.01%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"43.76%","netVotes":"9,871"},{"code":"42125","name":"Washington","group":"Democratic suburban and industrial support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"53.25%","rep":"44.22%","margin":"Gore +9.03","role":"Southwestern Democratic hold","why":"Washington remained part of the older Democratic industrial coalition surrounding Pittsburgh.","effect":"Gore gained 7,622 net votes here; the county would remain Democratic in 2004 before moving right in 2008.","winnerName":"GORE","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"53.25%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"44.22%","netVotes":"7,622"},{"code":"42021","name":"Cambria","group":"Democratic suburban and industrial support","groupColor":"#60a5fa","dem":"50.27%","rep":"46.45%","margin":"Gore +3.83","role":"Narrow industrial Democratic hold","why":"Cambria, centered on Johnstown, was still Democratic but only narrowly, foreshadowing its later Republican realignment.","effect":"Gore's 2,307-vote edge was small, but it preserved another piece of the western industrial coalition.","winnerName":"GORE","winnerColor":"#2563eb","winnerBg":"#eff6ff","winnerPct":"50.27%","loserName":"BUSH","loserColor":"#dc2626","loserPct":"46.45%","netVotes":"2,307"},{"code":"42029","name":"Chester","group":"Competitive and transitional county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"43.74%","rep":"53.36%","margin":"Bush +9.61","role":"Republican suburb in transition","why":"Chester was still clearly Republican in 2000, even as neighboring Montgomery and Delaware had moved into the Democratic column.","effect":"Bush gained 18,033 net votes here, the largest Republican margin within the four major Philadelphia suburban counties.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"53.36%","loserName":"GORE","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"43.74%","netVotes":"18,033"},{"code":"42027","name":"Centre","group":"Competitive and transitional county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"43.22%","rep":"52.83%","margin":"Bush +9.61","role":"College-region Republican flip","why":"Centre moved from Clinton in 1996 to Bush in 2000 despite the Democratic presence around Penn State.","effect":"Bush gained 4,763 net votes here, marking a temporary Republican interruption before the county's later Democratic shift.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"52.83%","loserName":"GORE","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"43.22%","netVotes":"4,763"},{"code":"42089","name":"Monroe","group":"Competitive and transitional county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"46.80%","rep":"49.63%","margin":"Bush +2.83","role":"Northeastern electoral pivot","why":"Monroe was nearly balanced and gave Bush only a narrow win, unlike the more Democratic counties immediately to its west.","effect":"Bush's 1,326-vote margin made Monroe one of the closest featured counties and a natural future flip target.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"49.63%","loserName":"GORE","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"46.80%","netVotes":"1,326"},{"code":"42011","name":"Berks","group":"Competitive and transitional county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"43.76%","rep":"52.73%","margin":"Bush +8.97","role":"Large eastern Republican margin","why":"Berks combined a sizable electorate with a clear Republican advantage between the Philadelphia suburbs and the interior.","effect":"Bush gained 12,123 net votes here, reducing the effect of Gore's southeastern suburban margins.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"52.73%","loserName":"GORE","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"43.76%","netVotes":"12,123"},{"code":"42043","name":"Dauphin","group":"Competitive and transitional county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"44.10%","rep":"53.28%","margin":"Bush +9.18","role":"Harrisburg-area Republican hold","why":"Dauphin was still Republican in 2000, before Harrisburg and its close-in suburbs shifted the county left.","effect":"Bush gained 9,241 net votes here, while neighboring Cumberland supplied an even larger Republican margin.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"53.28%","loserName":"GORE","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"44.10%","netVotes":"9,241"},{"code":"42129","name":"Westmoreland","group":"Competitive and transitional county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"45.81%","rep":"51.60%","margin":"Bush +5.79","role":"Pittsburgh-area Republican flip","why":"Westmoreland moved from Clinton to Bush and became the largest featured symbol of western Pennsylvania's early rightward movement.","effect":"Bush gained 9,066 net votes directly beside Allegheny, offsetting part of Gore's Pittsburgh-area advantage.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"51.60%","loserName":"GORE","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"45.81%","netVotes":"9,066"},{"code":"42107","name":"Schuylkill","group":"Competitive and transitional county","groupColor":"#c4b5fd","dem":"44.97%","rep":"51.19%","margin":"Bush +6.22","role":"Coal-region Republican flip","why":"Schuylkill moved from Clinton to Bush as the coal-region coalition began loosening from the Democrats.","effect":"Bush gained 3,626 net votes here; later Republican nominees would expand this margin dramatically.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"51.19%","loserName":"GORE","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"44.97%","netVotes":"3,626"},{"code":"42133","name":"York","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"36.02%","rep":"60.77%","margin":"Bush +24.75","role":"South-central Republican engine","why":"York paired a large electorate with a decisive Republican result.","effect":"Bush gained 35,694 net votes here, one of his largest county margins in Pennsylvania.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"60.77%","loserName":"GORE","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"36.02%","netVotes":"35,694"},{"code":"42071","name":"Lancaster","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"31.35%","rep":"66.11%","margin":"Bush +34.76","role":"Largest Republican counterweight","why":"Lancaster was the strongest major Republican vote producer in the state.","effect":"Its 60,932-vote Bush margin erased a substantial portion of Gore's advantages in the Philadelphia suburbs.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"66.11%","loserName":"GORE","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"31.35%","netVotes":"60,932"},{"code":"42019","name":"Butler","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"35.35%","rep":"62.14%","margin":"Bush +26.79","role":"Western Republican engine","why":"Butler was already a large and deeply Republican county north of Pittsburgh.","effect":"Bush gained 18,972 net votes here, reinforcing the red outer ring around Allegheny County.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"62.14%","loserName":"GORE","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"35.35%","netVotes":"18,972"},{"code":"42041","name":"Cumberland","group":"Large Republican counterweight","groupColor":"#fbbf24","dem":"35.26%","rep":"62.23%","margin":"Bush +26.97","role":"Harrisburg suburban counterweight","why":"Cumberland delivered a decisive Republican margin across the Susquehanna from Dauphin.","effect":"Bush gained 23,749 net votes here, making it one of his largest suburban advantages.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"62.23%","loserName":"GORE","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"35.26%","netVotes":"23,749"},{"code":"42009","name":"Bedford","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"28.17%","rep":"69.97%","margin":"Bush +41.80","role":"Appalachian Republican base","why":"Bedford exemplified the depth of Republican support across rural and Appalachian Pennsylvania.","effect":"Bush gained 8,124 net votes here despite the county's relatively small electorate.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"69.97%","loserName":"GORE","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"28.17%","netVotes":"8,124"},{"code":"42057","name":"Fulton","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"26.96%","rep":"71.01%","margin":"Bush +44.05","role":"Deepest Republican base","why":"Fulton gave Bush the widest percentage margin among the featured counties.","effect":"Its 2,328-vote raw margin was modest, but the 44-point spread showed the intensity of the rural Republican base.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"71.01%","loserName":"GORE","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"26.96%","netVotes":"2,328"},{"code":"42111","name":"Somerset","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"36.47%","rep":"61.29%","margin":"Bush +24.83","role":"Southwestern rural base","why":"Somerset was a reliable Republican county in the Appalachian southwest.","effect":"Bush gained 8,190 net votes here, adding to the broad rural advantage outside the metropolitan centers.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"61.29%","loserName":"GORE","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"36.47%","netVotes":"8,190"},{"code":"42065","name":"Jefferson","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"31.67%","rep":"65.28%","margin":"Bush +33.61","role":"Northern rural base","why":"Jefferson reflected the durable Republican strength of smaller western and northern counties.","effect":"Bush gained 5,907 net votes here, another contribution to his statewide rural counterweight.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"65.28%","loserName":"GORE","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"31.67%","netVotes":"5,907"},{"code":"42005","name":"Armstrong","group":"Deep-red rural base","groupColor":"#dc2626","dem":"40.58%","rep":"56.55%","margin":"Bush +15.98","role":"Western realignment flip","why":"Armstrong moved from Clinton to Bush, an early sign that the counties surrounding Pittsburgh were shifting away from Democrats.","effect":"Bush gained 4,381 net votes here and added another Republican county to Allegheny's western ring.","winnerName":"BUSH","winnerColor":"#dc2626","winnerBg":"#fef2f2","winnerPct":"56.55%","loserName":"GORE","loserColor":"#2563eb","loserPct":"40.58%","netVotes":"4,381"}]} consumes: map.selection as picked, election.year as activeYear, election.view as activeView consumefrom: * oninbound: if inbound.activeYear { if inbound.activeYear != lastGlobalYear { lastGlobalYear = inbound.activeYear detailYear = inbound.activeYear timelineOpen = 0 } } if inbound.activeView { if inbound.activeView != lastView { lastView = inbound.activeView if inbound.activeView != "statewide" { timelineOpen = 0 detailYear = lastGlobalYear } } } if inbound.picked { if inbound.picked.kind == "region" { selectedCode = inbound.picked.code nextSelectedCode = inbound.picked.code detailYear = lastGlobalYear timelineOpen = 1 countyFocused = 1 } if inbound.picked.kind == "marker" { if inbound.picked.code == "history-" + selectedCode { timelineOpen = 1 } if inbound.picked.code != "history-" + selectedCode { nextSelectedCode = selectedCode if inbound.picked.code == "city-philadelphia-2024" { nextSelectedCode = "42101" } if inbound.picked.code == "pivot-doylestown-2024" { nextSelectedCode = "42017" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-west-chester-2024" { nextSelectedCode = "42029" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-scranton-2024" { nextSelectedCode = "42069" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-allentown-2024" { nextSelectedCode = "42077" } if inbound.picked.code == "pivot-wilkes-barre-2024" { nextSelectedCode = "42079" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-pittsburgh-2024" { nextSelectedCode = "42003" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-greensburg-2024" { nextSelectedCode = "42129" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-butler-2024" { nextSelectedCode = "42019" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-washington-2024" { nextSelectedCode = "42125" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-philadelphia-2020" { nextSelectedCode = "42101" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-doylestown-2020" { nextSelectedCode = "42017" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-west-chester-2020" { nextSelectedCode = "42029" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-scranton-2020" { nextSelectedCode = "42069" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-allentown-2020" { nextSelectedCode = "42077" } if inbound.picked.code == "pivot-bethlehem-2020" { nextSelectedCode = "42095" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-wilkes-barre-2020" { nextSelectedCode = "42079" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-pittsburgh-2020" { nextSelectedCode = "42003" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-greensburg-2020" { nextSelectedCode = "42129" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-butler-2020" { nextSelectedCode = "42019" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-washington-2020" { nextSelectedCode = "42125" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-philadelphia-2016" { nextSelectedCode = "42101" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-doylestown-2016" { nextSelectedCode = "42017" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-west-chester-2016" { nextSelectedCode = "42029" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-scranton-2016" { nextSelectedCode = "42069" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-allentown-2016" { nextSelectedCode = "42077" } if inbound.picked.code == "pivot-bethlehem-2016" { nextSelectedCode = "42095" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-wilkes-barre-2016" { nextSelectedCode = "42079" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-pittsburgh-2016" { nextSelectedCode = "42003" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-greensburg-2016" { nextSelectedCode = "42129" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-butler-2016" { nextSelectedCode = "42019" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-washington-2016" { nextSelectedCode = "42125" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-philadelphia-2012" { nextSelectedCode = "42101" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-doylestown-2012" { nextSelectedCode = "42017" } if inbound.picked.code == "pivot-west-chester-2012" { nextSelectedCode = "42029" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-scranton-2012" { nextSelectedCode = "42069" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-allentown-2012" { nextSelectedCode = "42077" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-wilkes-barre-2012" { nextSelectedCode = "42079" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-pittsburgh-2012" { nextSelectedCode = "42003" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-greensburg-2012" { nextSelectedCode = "42129" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-butler-2012" { nextSelectedCode = "42019" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-washington-2012" { nextSelectedCode = "42125" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-philadelphia-2008" { nextSelectedCode = "42101" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-doylestown-2008" { nextSelectedCode = "42017" } if inbound.picked.code == "pivot-west-chester-2008" { nextSelectedCode = "42029" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-scranton-2008" { nextSelectedCode = "42069" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-allentown-2008" { nextSelectedCode = "42077" } if inbound.picked.code == "pivot-stroudsburg-2008" { nextSelectedCode = "42089" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-wilkes-barre-2008" { nextSelectedCode = "42079" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-pittsburgh-2008" { nextSelectedCode = "42003" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-greensburg-2008" { nextSelectedCode = "42129" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-butler-2008" { nextSelectedCode = "42019" } if inbound.picked.code == "pivot-washington-2008" { nextSelectedCode = "42125" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-philadelphia-2004" { nextSelectedCode = "42101" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-doylestown-2004" { nextSelectedCode = "42017" } if inbound.picked.code == "pivot-west-chester-2004" { nextSelectedCode = "42029" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-scranton-2004" { nextSelectedCode = "42069" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-allentown-2004" { nextSelectedCode = "42077" } if inbound.picked.code == "pivot-stroudsburg-2004" { nextSelectedCode = "42089" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-wilkes-barre-2004" { nextSelectedCode = "42079" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-pittsburgh-2004" { nextSelectedCode = "42003" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-greensburg-2004" { nextSelectedCode = "42129" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-butler-2004" { nextSelectedCode = "42019" } if inbound.picked.code == "pivot-washington-2004" { nextSelectedCode = "42125" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-philadelphia-2000" { nextSelectedCode = "42101" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-doylestown-2000" { nextSelectedCode = "42017" } if inbound.picked.code == "pivot-west-chester-2000" { nextSelectedCode = "42029" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-scranton-2000" { nextSelectedCode = "42069" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-allentown-2000" { nextSelectedCode = "42077" } if inbound.picked.code == "pivot-stroudsburg-2000" { nextSelectedCode = "42089" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-wilkes-barre-2000" { nextSelectedCode = "42079" } if inbound.picked.code == "city-pittsburgh-2000" { nextSelectedCode = "42003" } if inbound.picked.code == "pivot-greensburg-2000" { nextSelectedCode = "42129" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-butler-2000" { nextSelectedCode = "42019" } if inbound.picked.code == "story-washington-2000" { nextSelectedCode = "42125" } if nextSelectedCode != selectedCode { timelineOpen = 0 detailYear = lastGlobalYear selectedCode = nextSelectedCode } countyFocused = 1 } } } derive: panelReady = 0 if selectionInitialized == 0 { selectedCode = "42049" nextSelectedCode = "42049" selectionInitialized = 1 } displayCode = selectedCode if inbound.picked { if inbound.picked.kind == "region" { displayCode = inbound.picked.code } if inbound.picked.kind == "marker" { markerCode = inbound.picked.code if markerCode == "city-philadelphia-2024" { displayCode = "42101" } if markerCode == "pivot-doylestown-2024" { displayCode = "42017" } if markerCode == "story-west-chester-2024" { displayCode = "42029" } if markerCode == "city-scranton-2024" { displayCode = "42069" } if markerCode == "city-allentown-2024" { displayCode = "42077" } if markerCode == "pivot-wilkes-barre-2024" { displayCode = "42079" } if markerCode == "city-pittsburgh-2024" { displayCode = "42003" } if markerCode == "story-greensburg-2024" { displayCode = "42129" } if markerCode == "story-butler-2024" { displayCode = "42019" } if markerCode == "story-washington-2024" { displayCode = "42125" } if markerCode == "city-philadelphia-2020" { displayCode = "42101" } if markerCode == "story-doylestown-2020" { displayCode = "42017" } if markerCode == "story-west-chester-2020" { displayCode = "42029" } if markerCode == "city-scranton-2020" { displayCode = "42069" } if markerCode == "city-allentown-2020" { displayCode = "42077" } if markerCode == "pivot-bethlehem-2020" { displayCode = "42095" } if markerCode == "story-wilkes-barre-2020" { displayCode = "42079" } if markerCode == "city-pittsburgh-2020" { displayCode = "42003" } if markerCode == "story-greensburg-2020" { displayCode = "42129" } if markerCode == "story-butler-2020" { displayCode = "42019" } if markerCode == "story-washington-2020" { displayCode = "42125" } if markerCode == "city-philadelphia-2016" { displayCode = "42101" } if markerCode == "story-doylestown-2016" { displayCode = "42017" } if markerCode == "story-west-chester-2016" { displayCode = "42029" } if markerCode == "city-scranton-2016" { displayCode = "42069" } if markerCode == "city-allentown-2016" { displayCode = "42077" } if markerCode == "pivot-bethlehem-2016" { displayCode = "42095" } if markerCode == "story-wilkes-barre-2016" { displayCode = "42079" } if markerCode == "city-pittsburgh-2016" { displayCode = "42003" } if markerCode == "story-greensburg-2016" { displayCode = "42129" } if markerCode == "story-butler-2016" { displayCode = "42019" } if markerCode == "story-washington-2016" { displayCode = "42125" } if markerCode == "city-philadelphia-2012" { displayCode = "42101" } if markerCode == "story-doylestown-2012" { displayCode = "42017" } if markerCode == "pivot-west-chester-2012" { displayCode = "42029" } if markerCode == "city-scranton-2012" { displayCode = "42069" } if markerCode == "city-allentown-2012" { displayCode = "42077" } if markerCode == "story-wilkes-barre-2012" { displayCode = "42079" } if markerCode == "city-pittsburgh-2012" { displayCode = "42003" } if markerCode == "story-greensburg-2012" { displayCode = "42129" } if markerCode == "story-butler-2012" { displayCode = "42019" } if markerCode == "story-washington-2012" { displayCode = "42125" } if markerCode == "city-philadelphia-2008" { displayCode = "42101" } if markerCode == "story-doylestown-2008" { displayCode = "42017" } if markerCode == "pivot-west-chester-2008" { displayCode = "42029" } if markerCode == "city-scranton-2008" { displayCode = "42069" } if markerCode == "city-allentown-2008" { displayCode = "42077" } if markerCode == "pivot-stroudsburg-2008" { displayCode = "42089" } if markerCode == "story-wilkes-barre-2008" { displayCode = "42079" } if markerCode == "city-pittsburgh-2008" { displayCode = "42003" } if markerCode == "story-greensburg-2008" { displayCode = "42129" } if markerCode == "story-butler-2008" { displayCode = "42019" } if markerCode == "pivot-washington-2008" { displayCode = "42125" } if markerCode == "city-philadelphia-2004" { displayCode = "42101" } if markerCode == "story-doylestown-2004" { displayCode = "42017" } if markerCode == "pivot-west-chester-2004" { displayCode = "42029" } if markerCode == "city-scranton-2004" { displayCode = "42069" } if markerCode == "city-allentown-2004" { displayCode = "42077" } if markerCode == "pivot-stroudsburg-2004" { displayCode = "42089" } if markerCode == "story-wilkes-barre-2004" { displayCode = "42079" } if markerCode == "city-pittsburgh-2004" { displayCode = "42003" } if markerCode == "story-greensburg-2004" { displayCode = "42129" } if markerCode == "story-butler-2004" { displayCode = "42019" } if markerCode == "pivot-washington-2004" { displayCode = "42125" } if markerCode == "city-philadelphia-2000" { displayCode = "42101" } if markerCode == "story-doylestown-2000" { displayCode = "42017" } if markerCode == "pivot-west-chester-2000" { displayCode = "42029" } if markerCode == "city-scranton-2000" { displayCode = "42069" } if markerCode == "city-allentown-2000" { displayCode = "42077" } if markerCode == "pivot-stroudsburg-2000" { displayCode = "42089" } if markerCode == "story-wilkes-barre-2000" { displayCode = "42079" } if markerCode == "city-pittsburgh-2000" { displayCode = "42003" } if markerCode == "pivot-greensburg-2000" { displayCode = "42129" } if markerCode == "story-butler-2000" { displayCode = "42019" } if markerCode == "story-washington-2000" { displayCode = "42125" } } } selectedCode = displayCode nextSelectedCode = displayCode selectionCommand = {type:"select",code:selectedCode} focusMarker = "" if countyFocused == 1 { focusMarker = "history-" + displayCode } y2024Winner = "" y2024Votes = "" y2024Color = "#667085" for county in counties2024 { if displayCode == county.code { y2024Winner = county.winnerName y2024Votes = county.netVotes y2024Color = county.winnerColor } } y2020Winner = "" y2020Votes = "" y2020Color = "#667085" for county in counties2020 { if displayCode == county.code { y2020Winner = county.winnerName y2020Votes = county.netVotes y2020Color = county.winnerColor } } y2016Winner = "" y2016Votes = "" y2016Color = "#667085" for county in counties2016 { if displayCode == county.code { y2016Winner = county.winnerName y2016Votes = county.netVotes y2016Color = county.winnerColor } } y2012Winner = "" y2012Votes = "" y2012Color = "#667085" for county in counties2012 { if displayCode == county.code { y2012Winner = county.winnerName y2012Votes = county.netVotes y2012Color = county.winnerColor } } y2008Winner = "" y2008Votes = "" y2008Color = "#667085" for county in counties2008 { if displayCode == county.code { y2008Winner = county.winnerName y2008Votes = county.netVotes y2008Color = county.winnerColor } } y2004Winner = "" y2004Votes = "" y2004Color = "#667085" for county in counties2004 { if displayCode == county.code { y2004Winner = county.winnerName y2004Votes = county.netVotes y2004Color = county.winnerColor } } y2000Winner = "" y2000Votes = "" y2000Color = "#667085" for county in counties2000 { if displayCode == county.code { y2000Winner = county.winnerName y2000Votes = county.netVotes y2000Color = county.winnerColor } } activeCounties = counties2024 if detailYear == 2020 { activeCounties = counties2020 } if detailYear == 2016 { activeCounties = counties2016 } if detailYear == 2012 { activeCounties = counties2012 } if detailYear == 2008 { activeCounties = counties2008 } if detailYear == 2004 { activeCounties = counties2004 } if detailYear == 2000 { activeCounties = counties2000 } countyName = "" countyGroup = "" countyGroupColor = "#c4b5fd" countyMargin = "" countyRole = "" countyWhy = "" countyEffect = "" countyNetVotes = "" countyWinnerName = "" countyWinnerColor = "#4f46e5" countyWinnerBg = "#f8faff" countyWinnerPct = "" countyLoserName = "" countyLoserColor = "#667085" countyLoserPct = "" panelReady = 0 for county in activeCounties { if displayCode == county.code { countyName = county.name countyGroup = county.group countyGroupColor = county.groupColor countyMargin = county.margin countyRole = county.role countyWhy = county.why countyEffect = county.effect countyNetVotes = county.netVotes countyWinnerName = county.winnerName countyWinnerColor = county.winnerColor countyWinnerBg = county.winnerBg countyWinnerPct = county.winnerPct countyLoserName = county.loserName countyLoserColor = county.loserColor countyLoserPct = county.loserPct } } if countyName { panelReady = 1 } panelEyebrow = detailYear + " COUNTY DETAIL · CLICK THE MAP DOT FOR HISTORY" if timelineOpen == 1 { panelEyebrow = detailYear + " COUNTY DETAIL · HISTORICAL COMPARISON" } emit: map.command = selectionCommand emitas: pennsylvania-story template:

COUNTY ELECTION TIMELINE

Select a year to replace the county analysis below.

Winner + raw vote margin

{{ countyName }} County

✓

COUNTY WINNER

{{ countyWinnerName }} won {{ countyName }} County

{{ countyWinnerPct }} · {{ countyMargin }} · {{ countyNetVotes }} votes

WINNER · {{ countyWinnerName }}

ROLE IN THE STATEWIDE RESULT

WHY IT MATTERED

STATEWIDE EFFECT

#end #end

How To Win Pennsylvania - exp - v1 - final